The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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4,266 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16138
The Gender Reference Point Gap
Nathan Kettlewell, Jonathan Levy, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16136
Women's Transitions in the Labour Market as a Result of Childbearing: The Challenges of Formal Sector Employment in Indonesia
Lisa A. Cameron, Diana Contreras Suarez, Yi-Ping Tseng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16135
Marriage Markets and the Rise of Dowry in India
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Jeffrey Weaver
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 164, 103115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16134
Cognitive Skills among Adults: An Impeding Factor for Gender Convergence?
Michele Battisti, Alexandra Fedorets, Lavinia Kinne
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16133
The Economic Approach to Personality, Character and Virtue
James J. Heckman, Bridget Galaty, Haihan Tian
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16124
Long-Run Consequences of Informal Elderly Care and Implications of Public Long-Term Care Insurance
Thorben Korfhage, Björn Fischer
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 96, 102884
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16118
The Impact of Margaret Sanger's Birth Control Clinics on Early 20th Century U.S. Fertility and Mortality
Stefan Bauernschuster, Michael Grimm, Cathy M. Hajo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16117
Where Do STEM Graduates Stem From? The Intergenerational Transmission of Comparative Skill Advantages
Eric A. Hanushek, Babs Jacobs, Guido Schwerdt, Rolf Van der Velden, Stan Vermeulen, Simon Wiederhold
this paper is an updated version of IZA DP No. 14854 (2021).
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16116
'Earned, Not Given'? The Effect of Lowering the Full Retirement Age on Retirement Decisions
Mathias Dolls, Carla Krolage
revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics; 2023, 223, 104909
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16115
Child Health, Parental Well-Being, and the Social Safety Net
Achyuta Adhvaryu, N. Meltem Daysal, Snaebjorn Gunnsteinsson, Teresa Molina, Herdis Steingrimsdottir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16110
Temperature and Fertility: Evidence from Spanish Register Data
Risto Conte Keivabu, Marco Cozzani, Joshua Wilde
published in: Population Studies, 2024, 79 (2), 283–297.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16109
Swallow This: Childhood and Adolescent Exposure to Fast Food Restaurants, BMI, and Cognitive Ability
Sara Abrahamsson, Aline Bütikofer, Krzysztof Karbownik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16103
Intergenerational Scars: The Impact of Parental Unemployment on Individual Health Later in Life
Michele Ubaldi, Matteo Picchio
published in: German Economic Review, 2025, 26 (1), 35-70
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16100
Disability and Labor Market Performance
Matthias Collischon, Karolin Hiesinger, Laura Pohlan
revised version published online as 'Disability Onset and Labor Market Outcomes ' in: Socio-Economic Review, 10 April 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16097
Marriage versus Cohabitation: How Specialization and Time Use Differ by Relationship Type
Leslie S. Stratton
published in: Research in Labor Economics: Time Use in Economics, 2023, 51, 187-218
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16096
Gender Equity in Labor Market Opportunities and Aggregate Technical Efficiency: A Case of Equity Promoting Efficiency
Gautam Hazarika, Maroula Khraiche, Levent Kutlu
published in: Applied Economics, 2023, 56 (23), 2806–2817
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16095
Labour Market Reallocation Effects of COVID-19 Policies in Spain: A Tale of Two Recessions
Antonia Diaz, Juan J. Dolado, Álvaro Jáñez, Felix Wellschmied
published as 'Labor reallocation effects of furlough schemes: Evidence from two recessions in Spain' in: European Economic Review, 2025, 171, 104894
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16094
The Effects of FDI Liberalization on Structural Transformation and Demographic Change: Evidence from China
Bilge Erten, Jessica Leight, Lianming Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16093
Early Childhood Conditions and Adolescent Mental Health
Bilge Erten, Pinar Keskin, Rodrigo Pinto, Huihua Xie, Lianming Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16089
Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment
Amanda Chuan, Weilong Zhang
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