The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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15 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18150
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation and Cognitive Decline Among Older Americans
Linlin Da, Zhezheng Jin, Qianhui Xu, Lisa M. Renzi-Hammond, Zhuo Chen, M. Mahmud Khan, Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa, Xi Chen, Bei Wu, Suhang Song
published online in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 25 September 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17738
Why Are Opioid Prescribing Rates Higher in Rural Versus Urban Areas?
Alicia Sasser Modestino, Garry Young, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Jiesheng Shi, Md Noor E Alam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17730
(Mis)Pricing in Loans to Businesses Owned by People of Color
William D. Bradford, Chunbei Wang, Magnus Lofstrom, Michael Verchot
short version published as 'Are Loans to Minority-Owned Firms Mispriced?' in: AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2025, 115, 477–482
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17466
School Racial Segregation and Late-Life Cognition
Zhuoer Lin, Yi Wang, Thomas M. Gill, Xi Chen
published in: JAMA Network Open, 2025, 8 (1), e2452713
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17346
Do Big Inequalities in Executive Pay Hurt Firm Performance?
Richard Yiu-Ming Chung, Jed DeVaro, Scott Fung
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17327
The Importance of Luck in Executive Promotion Tournaments: Theory and Evidence
Jed DeVaro, Scott Fung
published in: JBFA Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 2025, 52 (3), 1349-1373
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17040
Early-Life Circumstances and Racial Disparities in Cognition for Older Americans: The Importance of Educational Quality and Experiences
Zhuoer Lin, Justin Ye, Heather Allore, Thomas M. Gill, Xi Chen
published as 'Early-Life Circumstances and Racial Disparities in Cognition Among Older Adults in the US' in: JAMA Internal Medicine, 2024, 184 (8), 904-914
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16763
Hukou Status and Children's Education in China
Yue Sun, Liqiu Zhao, Zhong Zhao
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2025, 73(2), 979-1021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16004
Trends in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Disability and Social Support among U.S. Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Living Alone, 2000–2018
Shanquan Chen, Huanyu Zhang, Benjamin R. Underwood, Dan Wang, Xi Chen, Rudolf N. Cardinal
published in: Innovation in Aging, 2023, 7 (4), igad028
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16004
Trends in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Disability and Social Support among U.S. Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Living Alone, 2000–2018
Shanquan Chen, Huanyu Zhang, Benjamin R. Underwood, Dan Wang, Xi Chen, Rudolf N. Cardinal
published in: Innovation in Aging, 2023, 7 (4), igad028
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14745
Inequality in Mortality between Black and White Americans by Age, Place, and Cause, and in Comparison to Europe, 1990-2018
Hannes Schwandt, Janet Currie, Marlies Bär, James Banks, Paola Bertoli, Aline Bütikofer, Sarah Cattan, Beatrice Zong-Ying Chao, Claudia Costa, Libertad González, Veronica Grembi, Kristiina Huttunen, René Karadakic, Lucy Kraftman, Sonya Krutikova, Stefano Lombardi, Peter Redler, Ana Rodríguez-González, Kjell G. Salvanes, Paula Santana, Josselin Thuilliez, Eddy van Doorslaer, Tom Van Ourti, Joachim Winter, Bram Wouterse, Amelie Wuppermann
published in: PNAS, 2021, 118 (40), e210468411
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14239
Do You Really Want to Share Everything? The Wellbeing of Work-Linked Couples
Juliane Hennecke, Clemens Hetschko
revised version published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2025, 77 (2), 516–536
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13757
Measuring Geographical Disparities in England at the Time of COVID-19: Results Using a Composite Indicator of Population Vulnerability
Catia Nicodemo, Samira Barzin, Daniel S. Lasserson, Francesco Moscone, Stuart Redding, Mujaheed Shaikh, Nicolò Cavalli
published in: BMJ open, 2020,10, e039749.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12722
The Effect of Sentencing Reform on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Involvement with the Criminal Justice System: The Case of California's Proposition 47
Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin, Steven Raphael
published in: Criminology & Public Policy, 2020, 19 (4), 1165-1207
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6329
Social Divisions in School Participation and Attainment in India: 1983-2004
Niaz Asadullah, Uma Kambhampati, Florencia López Bóo
published in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2014, 38(4), 869-893
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