The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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18,316 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16662
Capital Markets, Temporary Migration and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Bangladesh
Laurent Bossavie, Joseph-Simon Goerlach, Çağlar Özden, He Wang
published in: World Development, 2024, 176, 106505
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16661
A New Time-Use Diary App to Measure Parental Investments
Maria Bigoni, Stefania Bortolotti, Margherita Fort, Annalisa Guarini, Daniela Iorio, Chiara Monfardini, Alessandra Sansavini, Davide Sansone, Chiara Suttora
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16660
Intergenerational Transmission of Welfare Benefit Receipt: Evidence from Germany
Jennifer Feichtmayer, Regina T. Riphahn
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2024, 70 (4), 1226-1251
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16659
Technological Change and Returns to Training
Roman Klauser, Marcus Tamm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16658
Mens Sana in Corpore Sano! The Hiring Premium for Physical versus Mental Exercise in Different Occupations
Dieter Verhaest, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16657
Echoes of the Past: The Enduring Impact of Communism on Contemporary Freedom of Speech Values
Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 227, 106739
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16656
Robots, Meaning, and Self-Determination
Milena Nikolova, Femke Cnossen, Boris Nikolaev
published in: Research Policy, 2024, 53 (5), 104987
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16655
Occupational Hazard? An Analysis of Birth Outcomes among Physician Mothers
Anupam B. Jena, David Slusky, Lilly Springer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16654
High Achieving First-Generation University Students
Nikki Shure, Larissa Zierow
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16653
Revisiting the OxyContin Reformulation: The Role of Licit Substitutes
Francis W. Graham, Sonja C. de New, Suzanne Nielsen, Dennis Petrie
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16652
How Negative Labor Supply Shocks Affect Training in Firms: Lessons from Opening the Swiss-German Border
Caroline Neuber-Pohl, Damiano Pregaldini, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Sandra Dummert, Harald Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16651
From Refugees to Citizens: Labor Market Returns to Naturalization
Francesco Fasani, Tommaso Frattini, Maxime Pirot
this version: June 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16650
COVID-19, School Closures and (Cyber)Bullying in Germany
Helen Rahlff, Ulf Rinne, Hendrik Sonnabend
published in: Education Economics, 2025, 33 (6), 852-865
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16649
The Impact of New Free Trade Agreements on Incumbent Firms and Workers
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16648
The World's Rust Belts: The Heterogeneous Effects of Deindustrialization on 1,993 Cities in Six Countries
Luisa Gagliardi, Enrico Moretti, Michel Serafinelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16647
Employment Protection, Job Insecurity, and Job Mobility
Marco Bertoni, Simone Chinetti, Roberto Nistico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16646
Econometric Causality: The Central Role of Thought Experiments
James J. Heckman, Rodrigo Pinto
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2024, 243 (1-2), 105719
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16645
How Do Firms Deal with the Risks of Employing Ex-prisoners?
János Köllő, István Boza, Virág Ilyés, Zsófia Kőműves, Lili Katalin Mark
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16644
Firm Heterogeneity in Skill Returns
Michael Johannes Böhm, Khalil Esmkhani, Giovanni Gallipoli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16643
Human Values and Selection into Supervisory Positions: Evidence from Nine European Countries
Mihails Hazans, Jaan Masso, Per Botolf Maurseth
revised version published online in International Journal of Manpower, 9 September 2025
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