The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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18,323 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14908
Reforms of an Early Retirement Pathway in Germany and Their Labor Market Effects
Regina T. Riphahn, Rebecca Schrader
published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2023, 22(3), 304-330.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14907
Do Police Make Too Many Arrests? The Effect of Enforcement Pullbacks on Crime
Sungwoo Cho, Felipe Gonçalves, Emily Weisburst
This version: 8/2022; First version (IZA Working Paper): 12/2021.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14906
The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?
Jonas Fluchtmann, Anita Marie Glenny, Nikolaj Harmon, Jonas Maibom
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2024, 16 (2), 182–219
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14905
"The Better You Feel, the Harder You Fall": Health Perception Biases and Mental Health among Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Peng Nie, Lu Wang, Davide Dragone, Haiyang Lu, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: China Economic Review, 2022, 71, 101708
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14904
E-Learning Engagement Gap during School Closures: Differences by Academic Performance
Josep Amer-Mestre, Alaitz Ayarza-Astigarraga, Marta C Lopes
published in: Applied Economics, 2023, 56 (3), 337–359
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14903
A Year of Pandemic: Levels, Changes and Validity of Well-Being Data from Twitter. Evidence from Ten Countries
Francesco Sarracino, Talita Greyling, Kelsey J. O'Connor, Chiara Peroni, Stephanié Rossouw
published in: PLos ONE, 2023, 18(2), e0275028.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14902
The Fertility Effects of School Entry Decisions
Rebecca Kamb, Marcus Tamm
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2023, 30 (8), 1145-1149
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14901
Age Penalties and Take-up of Private Health Insurance
Nathan Kettlewell, Yuting Zhang
published in: Health Economics, 2024, 33 (4), 636-651
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14900
Green Infrastructure and Air Pollution: Evidence from Highways Connecting Two Megacities in China
Bo Yu, Trang Tran, Wang-Sheng Lee
published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2023, 122, 102884
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14899
Managing Dual Practice of Health Workers: Evidence from Indonesia
Paula Gonzalez, Gabriel V. Montes-Rojas, Sarmistha Pal
published as 'Impact of Private Practice of Public Health Workers on Public Health Provision: Evidence from A Natural Experiment' in: Social Science and Medicine, 2025, 366, 117625
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14898
Gender Norms and the Motherhood Employment Gap
Simone Moriconi, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14897
Gender Discrimination
Kailing Shen
published online in: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 28 January 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14896
Does Multitasking Affect Students' Academic Performance? Evidence from a Longitudinal Study
Simon Amez, Stijn Baert, Emily Heydencamp, Joey Wuyts
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14895
Risk, Temptation, and Efficiency in the One-Shot Prisoner's Dilemma
Simon Gächter, Kyeongtae Lee, Martin Sefton, Till O. Weber
revised version published as 'The role of payoff parameters for cooperation in the one-shot Prisoner's Dilemma' in: European Economic Review, 2024, 166, 104753,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14894
A Golden Opportunity: The Gold Rush, Entrepreneurship and Culture
Michael Stuetzer, Abel Brodeur, Martin Obschonka, David Audretsch, Peter J. Rentfrow, Jeff Potter, Samuel D. Gosling
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14893
The Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age on Health – Evidence from Administrative Data
Mara Barschkett, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2022, 23, 100403
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14892
Short-Term Impacts of Targeted Cash Grants and Business Development Services: Experimental Evidence from Entrepreneurs in Burkina Faso
Michael Grimm, Sidiki Soubeiga, Michael Weber
published as 'Supporting small firms in a fragile context: Comparing matching and cash grants in Burkina Faso' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 171.103344.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14891
The Cost of Health Insurance and Entry into Entrepreneurship
Frank M. Fossen, Mobarak Hossain, Sankar Mukhopadhyay, Peter Toth
revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2025, 64, 383-405
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14890
The Effects of Becoming a Physician on Prescription Drug Use and Mental Health Treatment
D. Mark Anderson, Ron Diris, Raymond Montizaan, Daniel I. Rees
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2023, 91, 102774.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14889
R&D Plans, Expectations, and Uncertainty: Evidence from the COVID-19 Shock in Italy
Emanuele Brancati
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2023, 67, 303-318
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