The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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55 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17817
The Daughter Penalty
Damian Clarke, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Angelina Nazarova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17673
Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap
Yoko Okuyama, Takeshi Murooka, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17658
Child Penalties and Marriage Dissolution
Sara Ayllón, Linda Kirkpatrick, Alexander T. Plum
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17603
Motherhood on Campus: Timing Childbirth during University Studies
Nicoline Josephine Bach, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17574
Beliefs on Children's Human Capital Formation and Mothers at Work
Césarine Boinet, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti, Zhan Shi, Paul Telemo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17473
Subsidized Small Jobs and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run
Matthias Collischon, Kamila Cygan-Rehm, Regina T. Riphahn
published online in: Socio-Economic Review, 28 February 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17438
Birth Timing and Spacing: Implications for Parental Leave Dynamics and Child Penalties
Abi Adams-Prassl, Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen, Barbara Petrongolo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17380
Educational Hypogamy Is Associated with a Smaller Child Penalty on Women's Earnings
Nadia Steiber, Lara Lebedinski, Bernd Liedl, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17379
Child Penalties in Labour Market Skills
Jonas Jessen, Lavinia Kinne, Michele Battisti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17334
The Motherhood Penalty: Gender Norms, Occupational Sorting, and Labor Supply
Césarine Boinet, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17309
Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects
Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Giulia Olivero, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17247
The Incidence and Wage Penalty of Overqualification: The Case of Egypt
Ali Fakih, Zeina Lizzaik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17235
Intersectional Analysis of the Labour Market Impacts of COVID: The Triple-Whammy of Females, Children, and Lower Skill
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Viet Hoang Ha, Hui Ming
published online as 'Intersectional analysis of the labour market impacts of COVID on women with young children and in low-skilled jobs' in: International Journal of Manpower, 19 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17109
Reducing the Child Penalty by Incentivizing Maternal Part-Time Work?
Laurenz Baertsch, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16991
What Works for Working Couples? Work Arrangements, Maternal Labor Supply, and the Division of Home Production
Ludovica Ciasullo, Martina Uccioli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16966
Changing Fertility and Heterogeneous Motherhood Effects: Revisiting the Effects of a Parental Benefits Reform
Bernd Fitzenberger, Arnim Seidlitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16959
Is There Really a Child Penalty in the Long Run? New Evidence from IVF Treatments
Petter Lundborg, Erik Plug, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16908
Mom's Out: Employment after Childbirth and Firm-Level Responses
Francesca Carta, Alessandra Casarico, Marta De Philippis, Salvatore Lattanzio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16871
Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market
Pim Koopmans, Max van Lent, Jim Been
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2023, 61 (4), 1359–1409
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16743
Baby Bumps in the Road: The Impact of Parenthood on Job Performance, Human Capital, and Career Advancement
Olivia Healy, Jennifer A. Heissel
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 22 August 2024
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