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IZA Discussion Paper No. 18502
March 2026
Unpacking the Wage Sorting Trend

Using 1980--2019 Danish matched employer-employee data, we unpack the rise in wage sorting - the correlation between worker and firm wage fixed effects (Abowd et al., 1999) - from 0.06 to 0.18. The rise is driven entirely by reallocation of employment from persistently low-sorting to persistently high-sorting firms, with the average sorting contribution of any given firm remaining stable over time. A decomposition shows that 60 % reflects reallocation among surviving firms and 40 % firm turnover through entry and exit. Regression analysis identifies firm entry and exit and industry reallocation as the dominant firm-side drivers, and rising educational attainment as the key worker-side factor - reflecting concentration of educated workers in high-sorting firms rather than a systematic tendency of educated workers to form high-sorting matches across all employers. Event studies establish direct job-to-job moves as the primary mechanism through which reallocation is implemented at the worker-level.

Communications
Mark Fallak
mark.fallak@liser.lu
+352 585-855-526
World of Labour
Olga Nottmeyer
olga.nottmeyer@liser.lu
+352 585-855-501
Network Coordination
Christina Gathmann
christina.gathmann@liser.lu

The IZA@LISER Network is a global community of scholars dedicated to excellence in labor economics and related fields, now coordinated at the Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER) following its transition from Bonn.

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