published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2025, 127 (4), 742-764
We document substantial heterogeneity in labor market integration, skill investments, and outmigration across immigrant admission categories. Using newly available data on residence permits in Finland, we establish four facts. First, there are large initial differences in employment and earnings across labor, family, refugee, student, and EU migrants. Second, these differences diminish substantially over time. Third, the groups make distinct investments in country-specific and general skills. Fourth, both the prevalence of and selection into outmigration vary widely across admission categories. These findings align with models where investments in skills depend on the expected length of stay in the host country.
We use cookies to provide you with an optimal website experience. This includes cookies that are necessary for the operation of the site as well as cookies that are only used for anonymous statistical purposes, for comfort settings or to display personalized content. You can decide for yourself which categories you want to allow. Please note that based on your settings, you may not be able to use all of the site's functions.
Cookie settings
These necessary cookies are required to activate the core functionality of the website. An opt-out from these technologies is not available.
In order to further improve our offer and our website, we collect anonymous data for statistics and analyses. With the help of these cookies we can, for example, determine the number of visitors and the effect of certain pages on our website and optimize our content.