The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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2,377 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11739
Demography, Unemployment, Automation, and Digitalization: Implications for the Creation of (Decent) Jobs, 2010–2030
David E. Bloom, Matthew J. McKenna, Klaus Prettner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11738
Occupational Classifications: A Machine Learning Approach
Akina Ikudo, Julia Lane, Joseph Staudt, Bruce A. Weinberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11734
Labor-Market Returns to Higher Vocational Schooling
Petri Böckerman, Mika Haapanen, Christopher Jepsen
published as 'Back to School: Labor-market Returns to Higher Vocational Schooling' in: Labour Economics, 2019, 61, 101758
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11696
Flexible Work Organization and Employer Provided Training: Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data
Annika Campaner, John S. Heywood, Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Kyklos, 2022, 75 (1), 3-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11686
Macroeconomic Conditions and Child Schooling in Turkey
Pinar Mine Gunes, Beyza Ural Marchand
published in: Labour Economics, 2020, 63, 101809.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11680
Occupational Barriers and the Labor Market Penalty from Lack of Legal Status
Francesc Ortega, Amy Hsin
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 76, 102181
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11662
High-Growth Entrepreneurship
J. David Brown, John S. Earle, Mee Jung Kim, Kyung Min Lee
published as 'Start-Ups, Job Creation, and Founder Characteristics' in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2019, 28 (6), 1637–1672
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11661
The Supply of Skill and Endogenous Technical Change: Evidence from a College Expansion Reform
Pedro Carneiro, Kai Liu, Kjell G. Salvanes
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (1), 48–92
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11660
Gender Segregation in Education and Its Implications for Labour Market Outcomes: Evidence from India
Soham Sahoo, Stephan Klasen
revised version published in: Demography, 2021, 58 (3), 987-1010
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11659
Implicit Stereotypes: Evidence from Teachers' Gender Bias
Michela Carlana
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2019, 134 (3), 1163–1224,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11649
Innovating for the Better? The Role of Advocacy Group Work Experience for Employee Pay
Christoph Grimpe, Ulrich Kaiser, Wolfgang Sofka
published as 'Signalling valuable human capital: Advocacy group work experience and its effect on employee pay in innovative firms' in: Strategic Management Journal, 2019, 40(4), 685-70;
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11646
Strategies to Productively Reincorporate the Formerly-Incarcerated into Communities: A Review of the Literature
Jennifer Doleac
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11645
Incarceration, Recidivism, and Employment
Manudeep Bhuller, Gordon B. Dahl, Katrine Vellesen Loken, Magne Mogstad
published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2020, 128(4),1269-1324
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11640
The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernandez Sierra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11630
Childhood Health Shocks, Comparative Advantage, and Long-Term Outcomes: Evidence from the Last Danish Polio Epidemic
Miriam Gensowski, Torben Heien Nielsen, Nete Munk Nielsen, Maya Rossin-Slater, Miriam Wüst
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2019, 66, 27 - 36
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11610
The Changing Structure of Immigration to the OECD: What Welfare Effects on Member Countries?
Michal Burzynski, Frédéric Docquier, Hillel Rapoport
published in: IMF Economic Review, 2018, 66(3), 564-601
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11604
The Effect of Grade Retention on Secondary School Performance: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Maria Ferreira Sequeda, Bart H.H. Golsteyn, Sergio Parra-Cely
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11586
Wages and Employment: The Role of Occupational Skills
Esther Mirjam Girsberger, Miriam Rinawi, Matthias Krapf
published as 'Interpersonal, cognitive, and manual skills: How do they shape employment and wages?' in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11578
Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills, Hiring Channels, and Wages in Bangladesh
Anne Hilger, Christophe Jalil Nordman, Leopold Sarr
published as 'Which Skills Matter for What Type of Worker? Cognitive Skills, Personality Traits, Hiring Channels, and Wages in Bangladesh', in: Indian Journal of Human Development, 2022, 16 (2), 219-247.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11570
Long-Run Patterns of Labour Market Polarisation: Evidence from German Micro Data
Ronald Bachmann, Merve Cim, Colin P. Green
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2019, 57 (2), 350-376
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