The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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2,286 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17913
The Heterogeneous Effects of Large and Small Minimum Wage Changes on Hours Worked: Evidence Using a Partially Pre-Committed Analysis Plan
Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17878
Estimating the Green Wage Premium
Wenjing Kuai, Robert J. R. Elliott, Toshihiro Okubo, Ceren Ozgen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17875
Wage Profiles in STEM and Non-STEM Careers
Michael Alexeev, Yevgenia Chernina, Vladimir Gimpelson, Darya Zinchenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17875
Wage Profiles in STEM and Non-STEM Careers
Michael Alexeev, Yevgenia Chernina, Vladimir Gimpelson, Darya Zinchenko
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17851
The Impact of Labour Demand Shocks when Occupational Labour Supplies are Heterogeneous
Michael Johannes Böhm, Ben Etheridge, Aitor Irastorza-Fadrique
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17838
Lifecycle Wages and Human Capital Investments: Selection and Missing Data
Laurent Gobillon, Thierry Magnac, Sébastien Roux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17832
The Effect of Compulsory Education on Non-Cognitive Skills: Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Antonia Entorf, Thomas Dohmen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17817
The Daughter Penalty
Damian Clarke, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Angelina Nazarova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17775
Connectivity and Rural Development: Examining India’s Rural Road Construction Scheme
Santosh Kumar, Monica Shandal, Ariel Zucker
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17762
Firms’ Beliefs About Wage Setting
Antoine Bertheau, Christian Philip Hoeck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17756
The Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Labour Market Outcomes of Recent Immigrants to Canada
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Viet Hoang Ha, Hui Ming
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17732
The Impact of Higher Education on Employer Perceptions
Renske Stans, Laura Ehrmantraut, Malin Siemers, Pia Pinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17719
Employer-to-Employer Mobility and Wages in Europe and the United States
Daniel Borowczyk-Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17717
Explaining Stagnation in the College Wage Premium
Leila Bengali, Robert G. Valletta, Cindy Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17704
Why Firms Lay Off Workers Instead of Cutting Wages: Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data
Antoine Bertheau, Marianna Kudlyak, Birthe Larsen, Morten Bennedsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17690
Human Capital Spillovers and the External Returns to Education
Pedro Portugal, Hugo Reis, Paulo Guimaraes, Ana Rute Cardoso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17685
Non-compete Agreements: Human Capital Investments or Compensated Wages?
Naomi Kodama, Ryo Kambayashi, Atsuko Izumi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17680
American Workers' Experience with Socialism During the World Wars
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17679
The Disability Pay Gap Within and Across Firms
John Forth, Melanie K. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17663
Offshoring, Matching, and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence
Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee, Dario Pozzoli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17657
Short-Time Work and Unionization
Daniele Biancardi, Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17655
Workers' Job Prospects and Young Firm Dynamics
Seula Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17621
One Cohort at a Time: A New Perspective on the Declining Gender Pay Gap
Jaime Arellano-Bover, Nicola Bianchi, Salvatore Lattanzio, Matteo Paradisi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17621
One Cohort at a Time: A New Perspective on the Declining Gender Pay Gap
Jaime Arellano-Bover, Nicola Bianchi, Salvatore Lattanzio, Matteo Paradisi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17614
Monopsony in the New Zealand Labour Market: First Estimates from Administrative Data
Corey Allan, David C. Maré, Dean R. Hyslop
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17609
The Monetary Roots of Exploitation
Corrado Andini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17607
Are Artificial Intelligence (AI) Skills a Reward or a Gamble? Deconstructing the AI Wage Premium in Europe
Konstantinos Pouliakas, Giulia Santangelo
forthcoming in: Eurasian Business Review, 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17603
Motherhood on Campus: Timing Childbirth during University Studies
Nicoline Josephine Bach, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17603
Motherhood on Campus: Timing Childbirth during University Studies
Nicoline Josephine Bach, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17598
Labour Market Dynamics of Minimum Wage Workers
Paul Redmond, Seamus McGuinness, Elish Kelly
published online in: Applied Economics, 4 March 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17594
Menu Adjustment in Response to the Minimum Wage: A Return to the New Jersey-Pennsylvania Border
Kerry L. Papps, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17592
The Value of Remote Work: A Correspondence Experiment on Tutors
Sofoklis Goulas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17592
The Value of Remote Work: A Correspondence Experiment on Tutors
Sofoklis Goulas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17585
Monopsony: Wages, Wage Bargaining and Job Requirements
Jasmin Anderlik, Malika Jumaniyozova, Bernhard Schmidpeter, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17583
The Impact of Overtime Limits on Firms and Workers: Evidence from Japan's Work Style Reform
Gabriel Burdin, Ryo Kambayashi, Takao Kato
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17575
A 22 Percent Increase in the German Minimum Wage: Nothing Crazy!
Mario Bossler, Lars Chittka, Thorsten Schank
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17568
Moderation in Higher-Order Earnings Risk? Evidence from German Cohorts
Niklas Isaak, Robin Jessen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17549
Measuring Quality of Life Under Spatial Frictions
Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt, Fabian Bald, Duncan H.W. Roth, Tobias Seidel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17541
Coworker Networks from Student Jobs: A Flying Start at Labor Market Entry?
Gökay Demir, Friederike Hertweck, Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17536
How Regulations Impact the Labor Market: A Review of the Literatures on Product and Labor Market Regulations
David Alzate, Eliana Carranza, Joana Duran-Franch, Truman Packard, Celina Proffen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17510
Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages
Gökay Demir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17489
Biased Returns to Tenure: The Impact of Firm-Specific Shocks on Base and Non-base Earnings
Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton, Nikolaos Theodoropoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17489
Biased Returns to Tenure: The Impact of Firm-Specific Shocks on Base and Non-base Earnings
Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton, Nikolaos Theodoropoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17487
Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion
Johannes Goehausen, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17453
Are Firms Willing to Pay Lower Wages? A Quasi-Experiment on Subminimum Wage Policy
Petri Böckerman, Toni Juuti, Tuomas Kosonen, Henri Keränen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17453
Are Firms Willing to Pay Lower Wages? A Quasi-Experiment on Subminimum Wage Policy
Petri Böckerman, Toni Juuti, Tuomas Kosonen, Henri Keränen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17453
Are Firms Willing to Pay Lower Wages? A Quasi-Experiment on Subminimum Wage Policy
Petri Böckerman, Toni Juuti, Tuomas Kosonen, Henri Keränen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17447
Scarce Workers, High Wages?
Erik-Benjamin Börschlein, Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17447
Scarce Workers, High Wages?
Erik-Benjamin Börschlein, Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17436
Long-Term Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage in Germany: New Data and Estimators
Marco Caliendo, Nico Pestel, Rebecca Olthaus
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 92, 102648
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17421
Short-Time Work Extensions
Christina Brinkmann, Simon Jäger, Moritz Kuhn, Farzad Saidi, Stefanie Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17385
Job Search, Efficiency Wages and Taxes
Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17378
Revisiting Dualism? The Governance of the Low Pay-Low Skill Labour Market in Four European Countries
Werner Eichhorst, Gemma Scalise
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17363
Work Hours Mismatch
Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17357
Minimum Wages in Concentrated Labor Markets
Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17344
Polluted Job Search: The Impact of Poor Air Quality on Reservation Wages
Mariët Bogaard, Steffen Künn, Juan Palacios, Nico Pestel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17339
Why Do Workers Dislike Inflation? Wage Erosion and Conflict Costs
Joao Guerreiro, Jonathon Hazell, Chen Lian, Christina Patterson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17326
Accounting for the Growth of Real Wages of U.S. Manufacturing Production Workers since the Nineteenth Century
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17319
Establishment Size and the Task Content of Jobs: Evidence from 46 Countries
Micole De Vera, Javier Garcia-Brazales
published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (366), 548-579
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17318
Women's Sexual Orientation and Occupational Tasks: Partners, Prejudice, and Motherhood
Raquel Carrasco, Ana Nuevo-Chiquero
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17303
Should States Allow Early School Enrollment? An Analysis of Individuals' Long-Term Labor Market Effects
Katja Görlitz, Pascal Heß, Marcus Tamm
published online in: Empirical Economics, 06 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17293
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
published online in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17291
Revisiting Sample Bias in the UK's Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, with Implications for Estimates of Low Pay and the Bite of the National Living Wage
John Forth, Alex Bryson, Van Phan, Felix Ritchie, Carl Singleton, Lucy Stokes, Damian Whittard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17285
Unequal Hiring Wages and Their Impact on the Gender Pay Gap
Tho Pham, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17277
Equal Pay for Better Health: The Health Cost of the Gender Wage Gap
Susan L. Averett, Adam Biener, Olena Ogrokhina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17276
Impact of Stock Market Manias and Panics on the U.S. Labor Market
Douglas Mwangi Waithaka, Michael Jan Kendzia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17273
The Effect of Wages on Job Vacancy Duration: Evidence from a Spatial Discontinuity
Charles Carter, Judith M. Delaney, Kerry L. Papps
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17269
Inflation and Wage Expectations of Firms and Employees
Lukas Buchheim, Sebastian Link, Sascha Möhrle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17269
Inflation and Wage Expectations of Firms and Employees
Lukas Buchheim, Sebastian Link, Sascha Möhrle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17266
Immigrants and the Portuguese Labor Market: Threat or Advantage?
Parisa Ghasemi, Paulino Teixeira, Carlos Carreira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17255
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Alex Bryson, Tim Morris, David Bann, David Wilkinson
forthcoming in: Economics and Human Biology
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17247
The Incidence and Wage Penalty of Overqualification: The Case of Egypt
Ali Fakih, Zeina Lizzaik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17243
CEO Pay Disclosure and Within-Firm Wage Inequality
Agata Maida, Vincenzo Pezone
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17243
CEO Pay Disclosure and Within-Firm Wage Inequality
Agata Maida, Vincenzo Pezone
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17229
Brexit Had No Measurable Effect on Irish Exporters
Benjamin Elsner, Eoin T. Flaherty, Stefanie Haller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17226
Competition in the Labor Market: The Wage Effect of Employer Concentration in China
Jianan Liu, Hongbo Cai, Carl Lin
published online in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 18 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211
Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board
Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara
an updated version can be found here.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211
Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board
Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara
an updated version can be found here.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211
Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board
Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara
an updated version can be found here.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17209
Exports and Jobs for Inclusive Growth in Cambodia
Deeksha Kokas, Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Raymond Robertson, Wendy Karamba
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17207
Job Mobility and Assortative Matching
Luisa Braunschweig, Wolfgang Dauth, Duncan H.W. Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17207
Job Mobility and Assortative Matching
Luisa Braunschweig, Wolfgang Dauth, Duncan H.W. Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17198
The Accuracy of Job Seekers' Wage Expectations
Marco Caliendo, Robert Mahlstedt, Aiko Schmeißer, Sophie Wagner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17189
The Illusion of Cyclicality in Entry Wages
Ines Black, Ana Figueiredo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17142
The U.S. Low-Wage Structure: A McWage Comparison
Orley Ashenfelter, Štepán Jurajda
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 16 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17140
An Analysis of the Changes in British Workers' Real Wages since the 19th Century
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17132
The Impact of a Rising Wage Floor on Labour Mobility across Firms
John Forth, Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, Van Phan, Felix Ritchie, Damian Whittard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17132
The Impact of a Rising Wage Floor on Labour Mobility across Firms
John Forth, Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, Van Phan, Felix Ritchie, Damian Whittard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17128
Commuting, Wages, and Household Behavior
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17125
The Role of Flexible Wage Components in Gender Wage Difference
István Boza, Balázs Reizer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17124
The Wage of Temporary Agency Workers
Antonin Bergeaud, Pierre Cahuc, Clément Malgouyres, Sara Signorelli, Thomas Zuber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17117
Government Contracting and Living Wages > Minimum Wages
Nikhil Datta, Stephen Machin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17079
Why Wages Don't Fall in Jobs with Incomplete Contracts
Marco Fongoni, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
published online in: Management Science, 29 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17074
Minimum Wages and the Uptake of Supplemental Security Income
Krishna Regmi
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 90, 102592
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17060
Extraordinary Labor Market Developments and the 2022-23 Disinflation
Steven J. Davis
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