The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 14,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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103 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15297
The Effect of Higher Education on Women's Obesity and Smoking: Evidence from College Openings in Turkey
Badi H. Baltagi, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Haci M. Karatas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15216
Are Entrepreneurs Aware of Covered Interest Parity and Dollar Shortage?
Farhad Nariman, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15211
Integration of Technological and Social Components in a Smart Urban Development Model: A Case Study of China
Almas Heshmati, Somayeh Koohborfardhaghighi, Christopher R. Summers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15211
Integration of Technological and Social Components in a Smart Urban Development Model: A Case Study of China
Almas Heshmati, Somayeh Koohborfardhaghighi, Christopher R. Summers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15037
Caste, Courts and Business
Tanika Chakraborty, Anirban Mukherjee, Sarani Saha, Divya Shukla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14987
Self-Control and Unhealthy Body Weight: The Role of Impulsivity and Restraint
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14760
Measuring Youth Empowerment: An Illustration Using the Example of Tunisia
Micheline Goedhuys, Michael Grimm, Aline Meysonnat, Eleonora Nillesen, Ann-Kristin Reitmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14631
Data Scarcity and Poverty Measurement
Hai-Anh Dang, Peter F. Lanjouw
forthcoming in: Jacques Silber (Eds.) Handbook of Research on Measuring Poverty and Deprivation. Edward Elgar Press.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14443
Bombing and the Two Vietnams
Vu Vuong, Simon Chang, Michael Palmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14345
"Too Shocked to Search": The COVID-19 Shutdowns' Impact on the Search for Apprenticeships
Daniel Goller, Stefan C. Wolter
published in: Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 2021,157, 6 (2021)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14334
Is Large-Scale Rapid Cov-2 Testing a Substitute For Lockdowns? The Case of Tuebingen
Marc Diederichs, Peter G. Kremsner, Timo Mitze, Gernot Müller, Dominik Papies, Felix Schulz, Klaus Wälde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14287
Common Ownership of Competing Firms: Evidence from Australia
Andrew Leigh, Adam Triggs
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14287
Common Ownership of Competing Firms: Evidence from Australia
Andrew Leigh, Adam Triggs
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13903
Can Unearned Income Make Us Fitter? Evidence from Lottery Wins
Joan Costa-Font, Mario Gyori
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13895
Measuring the Statistical Capacity of Nations
Grant J. Cameron, Hai-Anh Dang, Mustafa Dinc, James Foster, Michael Lokshin
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2021, 83 (4), 870-896.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13785
How to Remove the Testing Bias in CoV-2 Statistics
Klaus Wälde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13757
Measuring Geographical Disparities in England at the Time of COVID-19: Results Using a Composite Indicator of Population Vulnerability
Catia Nicodemo, Samira Barzin, Daniel S. Lasserson, Francesco Moscone, Stuart Redding, Mujaheed Shaikh, Nicolò Cavalli
published in: BMJ open, 2020,10, e039749.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13494
A Brief Introduction to Human Capital Measures
Gang Liu, Barbara M. Fraumeni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13421
Inequality of Opportunity in Bodyweight among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A Distributional Approach
Peng Nie, Lanlin Ding, Andrew M. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13301
A Human Capital Index for the Italian Provinces
Alessandra Pasquini, Furio C. Rosati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13232
A Methodological Rejoinder to "Does Income Relate to Health Due to Psychosocial or Material Factors?"
Oded Stark, Marcin Jakubek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13232
A Methodological Rejoinder to "Does Income Relate to Health Due to Psychosocial or Material Factors?"
Oded Stark, Marcin Jakubek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13232
A Methodological Rejoinder to "Does Income Relate to Health Due to Psychosocial or Material Factors?"
Oded Stark, Marcin Jakubek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12734
Reevaluating Distributional Consequences of the Transition to Market Economy in Poland: New Results from Combined Household Survey and Tax Return Data
Michał Brzeziński, Michal Myck, Mateusz Najsztub
published as 'Sharing the gains of transition: evaluating changes in income inequality and redistribution in Poland using combined survey and tax return data' in: European Journal of Political Economy, Available online 22 September 2021, 102121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12354
Voting Power and Survival: The Case of a Ruling Party
Artyom Jelnov, Pavel Jelnov
pablished as "Success, Survival and Probabilistic Voting: The Case of a ruling Party" in: Journal Homo Oeconomicus, 2019, 36(3), 209-226
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12354
Voting Power and Survival: The Case of a Ruling Party
Artyom Jelnov, Pavel Jelnov
pablished as "Success, Survival and Probabilistic Voting: The Case of a ruling Party" in: Journal Homo Oeconomicus, 2019, 36(3), 209-226
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12332
The Effect of Education on Health: Evidence from the 1997 Compulsory Schooling Reform in Turkey
Badi H. Baltagi, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Haci M. Karatas
published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2019, 17, 205-221
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12138
Not Everyone Is Engaged: An Innovative Approach to Measure Engagement Levels on the Labor Market
Carole Chartouni, Robert Holzmann, Gustavo N. Paez
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy 2020 10:10.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12048
Regional Migration and Wage Inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union
Esther Mirjam Girsberger, Romuald Meango, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2019, 48 (2), 385-404
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12015
Income Inequality and the Size of Government: A Causal Analysis
Martin Guzi, Martin Kahanec
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11771
Mental Health and Reporting Bias: Analysis of the GHQ-12
Sarah Brown, Mark N. Harris, Preety Srivastava, Karl Taylor
published as 'Mental health, reporting bias and economic transitions' in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2022, 74 (2), 541-564
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11770
Is Good Health Contagious? The Impact of BMI Environment on Individual BMI
Caitlin McKennie, Laura M. Argys, Andrew I. Friedson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11748
A Database on the Passage and Enactment of Recent State Minimum Wage Increases
Jeffrey Clemens, Duncan Hobbs, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11708
Socio-Economic Inequalities in Tobacco Consumption of the Older Adults in China: A Decomposition Method
Yafei Si, Zhongliang Zhou, Min Su, Xiao Wang, Dan Li, Dan Wang, Shuyi He, Zihan Hong, Xi Chen
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15(7), 1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071466
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11702
Working Times and Overweight: Tight Schedules, Weaker Fitness?
Joan Costa-Font, Belen Saenz de Miera Juarez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11512
Getting Life Expectancy Estimates Right for Pension Policy: Period versus Cohort Approach
Mercedes Ayuso, Jorge Miguel Bravo, Robert Holzmann
published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 2020, 1-20
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11412
Estimating the Associations between SNAP and Food Insecurity, Obesity, and Food Purchases with Imperfect Administrative Measures of Participation
Charles Courtemanche, Augustine Denteh, Rusty Tchernis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11412
Estimating the Associations between SNAP and Food Insecurity, Obesity, and Food Purchases with Imperfect Administrative Measures of Participation
Charles Courtemanche, Augustine Denteh, Rusty Tchernis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10954
'Rational Overeating' in a Feast-or-Famine World: Economic Insecurity and the Obesity Epidemic
Trenton G. Smith, Steven Stillman, Stuart Craig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10880
The Relationship between Economic Growth and Democracy: Alternative Representations of Technological Change
Almas Heshmati, Nam-Seok Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10657
Evolving Wage Cyclicality in Latin America
Luca Gambetti, Julián Messina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10620
Health and Body Mass Index: No Simple Relationship
Olaf Hübler
revised version published as 'Health and weight - gender-specific linkages under heterogeneity, interdependence and resilience factors' in: Economic and Human Biology, 2017, 26, 96-111
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10134
Social Norms and Teenage Smoking: The Dark Side of Gender Equality
Núria Rodríguez-Planas, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano
revised version published as 'Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Social Norms and Teenage Smoking' in: Social Science and Medicine, 2019, 222, 122-132
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9672
Islamism and Gender Relations in the Muslim World as Reflected in Recent World Values Survey Data
Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati
forthcoming in: Society and Economy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9396
A Cross-State Comparison of Measures of Subjective Well-Being
Younghwan Song
published in: International Journal of Wellbeing, 2017, 7 (1), 65-83
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9254
Wage Compression within the Firm
Marco Leonardi, Michele Pellizzari, Domenico Tabasso
published in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129, 3256-3291.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9050
Obesity and Economic Performance of Young Workers in Italy
Giovanni S. F. Bruno, Floro Ernesto Caroleo, Orietta Dessy
published as 'Obesity and the economic performance of young people in Italy' in: G. Coppola and N. O'Higgins (eds): Youth and the Crisis: Unemployment, Education and Health in Europe, Routledge, 2016, Chapter 8
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8936
Heterogeneity in Spousal Matching Models
Jason M. Fletcher, Norma Padrón
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8589
Does the Choice of Well-Being Measure Matter Empirically? An Illustration with German Data
Koen Decancq, Dirk Neumann
revised version published in: M. Adler, M. Fleurbaey (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy, OUP, 2016, 553-587
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8283
A New Formulation for Latent Class Models
Sarah Brown, William H. Greene, Mark N. Harris
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8163
Testing an EU-Candidate's Place on the Maps of Global Economic, Political and Social Values: The Case of Turkey
Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8009
Adjusting Body Mass for Measurement Error with Invalid Validation Data
Charles Courtemanche, Joshua C. Pinkston, Jay Stewart
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2015, 19, 275–293
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7364
Dynamics and Drivers of Consumption and Multidimensional Poverty: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia
Tilman Brück, Sindu Workneh Kebede
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7352
The Making of Middle Class in Africa: Evidence from DHS Data
Mthuli Ncube, Abebe Shimeles
forthcoming in : Journal of Development Studies, January 2015
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7345
Nominal or Real? The Impact of Regional Price Levels on Satisfaction with Life
Thomas Deckers, Armin Falk, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
published in: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 2016, 16, 1337–1358.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7235
Measurement of Environmentally Sensitive Productivity Growth in Korean Industries
Yeimin Chung, Almas Heshmati
published in: Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 104, 380-391.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7235
Measurement of Environmentally Sensitive Productivity Growth in Korean Industries
Yeimin Chung, Almas Heshmati
published in: Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 104, 380-391.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7198
Note on Lilien and Modified Lilien Index
Muhammad Rashid Ansari, Chiara Mussida, Francesco Pastore
published in: Stata Journal, 2014, 14 (2), 398-406
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6667
Measuring Segregation When Hierarchy Matters
Robert M. Hutchens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6641
Lifetime versus Annual Tax Progressivity: Sweden, 1968–2009
Niklas Bengtsson, Bertil Holmlund, Daniel Waldenström
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6408
Health Behavior and Accident Risk: Obesity Is Associated with the Future Risk of Heavy Truck Crashes among Newly Recruited Commercial Drivers
Jon E. Anderson, Manjari Govada, Tricia K. Steffen, Chris P. Thorne, Vasileia Varvarigou, Stefanos N. Kales, Stephen V. Burks
revised version published as 'Obesity is associated with the future risk of heavy truck crashes among newly recruited commercial drivers,' in: Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2012, 49, 378-384
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6246
Wage Mobility in East and West Germany
Regina T. Riphahn, Daniel D. Schnitzlein
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 39 , 11-34
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6234
Concept and Unintended Consequences of Weather Index Insurance: The Case of Mexico
Alan Fuchs, Hendrik Wolff
published in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2011, 93 (2), 505–511
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6169
Migration, Openness and the Global Preconditions of 'Smart Development'
Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati
published in: Boğaziçi Journal Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, 2012, 26 (2), 27-89.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5778
Wage Rigidity and Disinflation in Emerging Countries
Julián Messina, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano
published in: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2014, 6 (1), 102-133
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5717
The Welfare Impact of Price Changes on Household Welfare and Inequality 1999-2010
Jason Loughrey, Cathal O'Donoghue
published in: Economic and Social Review, 2012, 43 (1), 31-66
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5455
An Essay on Real Wage Index Numbers
John Pencavel
published in: American Economic Review, 2011, 101 (3), 565–570
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5366
Overweight and Poor? On the Relationship between Income and the Body Mass Index
Dean Jolliffe
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2011, 9 (3), 342-355
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5171
Using "Shares" vs. "Log of Shares" in Fixed-Effect Estimations
Christer Gerdes
published in: Journal of Economics and Econometrics, 2011, 54 (1), 1–7
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5146
Inequality of Educational Opportunity in India: Changes over Time and across States
Niaz Asadullah, Gaston Yalonetzky
published in: World Development, 2012, 40 (6), 1151–1163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5146
Inequality of Educational Opportunity in India: Changes over Time and across States
Niaz Asadullah, Gaston Yalonetzky
published in: World Development, 2012, 40 (6), 1151–1163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5146
Inequality of Educational Opportunity in India: Changes over Time and across States
Niaz Asadullah, Gaston Yalonetzky
published in: World Development, 2012, 40 (6), 1151–1163
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4787
Revisiting the Income-Health Nexus: The Importance of Choosing the "Right" Indicator
Nicolas R. Ziebarth, Joachim R. Frick
revised version published as 'Welfare-Related Health Inequality: Does the Choice of Measure Matter?' in: European Journal of Health Economics, 2013, 14 (3), 431-442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4459
Asabiyya: Re-Interpreting Value Change in Globalized Societies
Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4199
A Sequential Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index
Donghyun Oh, Almas Heshmati
published as 'A sequential Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index: Environmentally sensitive productivity growth considering the progressive nature of technology ' in: Energy Economics, 2011, 32 (6), 1345 - 1355
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4199
A Sequential Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index
Donghyun Oh, Almas Heshmati
published as 'A sequential Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index: Environmentally sensitive productivity growth considering the progressive nature of technology ' in: Energy Economics, 2011, 32 (6), 1345 - 1355
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4010
Imitative Obesity and Relative Utility
David G. Blanchflower, Andrew J. Oswald, Bert van Landeghem
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2009, 7(2-3), 528 - 538
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3867
Institutional Features of Wage Bargaining in 23 European Countries, the US and Japan
Philip Du Caju, Erwan Gautier, Daphne Momferatou, Melanie E. Ward-Warmedinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3621
Regional Price Differences in Urban China 1986-2001: Estimation and Implication
Cathy Honge Gong, Xin Meng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3482
Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending
Peter Herrmann, Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati, Chemen S. J. Bajalan
published in: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, 2009, 35(1), 13-43
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3203
Measurement and Analysis of Child Well-Being in Middle and High Income Countries
Almas Heshmati, Chemen S. J. Bajalan, Arno Tausch
published in: European Journal of Comparative Economics, 2008, 5(2), 227-249
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3198
On the Multivariate Analysis of the "Lisbon Process"
Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati, Chemen S. J. Bajalan
published in: History & Mathematics: Processes and Models of Global Dynamics, Volgograd, Russia, 2010, 92 – 137
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2717
Obesity, Unhappiness, and The Challenge of Affluence: Theory and Evidence
Andrew J. Oswald, Nattavudh Powdthavee
published in: Economic Journal, 2007, 117 (521), F441-F459
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2592
Studying Justice: Measurement, Estimation, and Analysis of the Actual Reward and the Just Reward
Guillermina Jasso
published in: Kjell Törnblom and Riel Vermunt (eds.), Distributive and Procedural Justice: Research and Social Applications. London, UK: Ashgate, 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2592
Studying Justice: Measurement, Estimation, and Analysis of the Actual Reward and the Just Reward
Guillermina Jasso
published in: Kjell Törnblom and Riel Vermunt (eds.), Distributive and Procedural Justice: Research and Social Applications. London, UK: Ashgate, 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2366
Extension of Labor Contracts and Optimal Backpay
Leif Danziger
published in: Labour Economics, 2008, 15 (1), 18-36
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2323
The Wage Effects of Social Norms: Evidence of Deviations from Peers’ Body-Mass in Europe
René Fahr
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1916
Happiness and the Human Development Index: Australia Is Not a Paradox
Andrew Leigh, Justin Wolfers
published in: Australian Economic Review, 2006, 39 (2), 176-184
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1877
Analysis of Health and Longevity in Oldest-Old Population: A Health Capital Approach
Zhong Zhao
published in: Zeng Yi et al. (eds.), Healthy Longevity in China: Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Dimensions, 2008, Berlin et al. [Details & Download]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1814
The Obesity Epidemic in Europe
Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1734
Alternative Composite Lisbon Development Strategy Indices
Almas Heshmati, Jong-Eun Oh
published in: European Journal of Comparative Economics, 2006, 3(2), 133-170
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1704
Does Obesity Hurt Your Wages More in Dublin than in Madrid? Evidence from ECHP
Beatrice d'Hombres, Giorgio Brunello
published as 'Does body weight affect wages? Evidence from Europe' in: Economics and Human Biology, 2007, 5 (1), 1-19
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1597
Time Discounting and the Body Mass Index
Lex Borghans, Bart H.H. Golsteyn
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2006, 4(1), 39-61
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1578
Measurement of Globalization and Its Variations Among Countries, Regions and Over Time
Amit Kumar Bhandari, Almas Heshmati
published in: Arno Tausch and Almas Heshmati (eds.), Roadmap to Bangalore? Globalization, the EU's Lisbon Process, the Structures of Global Inequality, Nova Science Publishers, USA, 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1346
The Evolution of Income-Related Health Inequalities in Switzerland over Time
Robert E. Leu, Martin Schellhorn
published in: CESifo Economic Studies, 2006, 52 (4), 666-690
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1286
Cut-Point Shift and Index Shift in Self-Reported Health
Maarten Lindeboom, Eddy van Doorslaer
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2004, 23 (6), 1083-1099
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1221
A Review of Decomposition of Income Inequality
Almas Heshmati
revised version published in: A. Heshmati (Ed), Global Trends in Income Inequality, Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2007, 27-48
IZA Discussion Paper No. 841
Skill-Biased Technical Change in U.S. Manufacturing: A General Index Approach
Badi H. Baltagi, Daniel P. Rich
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2005, 126 (2), 549-570
IZA Discussion Paper No. 817
Measuring Globalization
Torben M. Andersen, Tryggvi Thor Herbertsson
published as 'Quantifying Globalization' in: Applied Economics, 37 (10), 2005, 1089 - 1098
IZA Discussion Paper No. 465
Intergenerational Social Mobility and Assortative Mating in Britain
John Ermisch, Marco Francesconi
revised version published in: Economic Journal, 2006, 116 (513), 659-679
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