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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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87 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18184
What Do Market-Access Subsidies Do? Experimental Evidence from Tunisia
Nadia Ali, Giacomo De Giorgi, Aminur Rahman, Eric Verhoogen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17773
Retaliation Against Trump’s Trade War: Why and How the EU Should Find Alternative Export Markets
Wim Naudé, Martin Cameron
published online as 'Trump's Trade War: EU Exports ar Risk and Alternative Markets' in: Global Economy Journal, 2025,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17667
Using Machine Learning to Understand the Heterogeneous Earnings Effects of Exports
Johanna Muffert, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17619
Demand Uncertainty and the Optimal Number of Export Destinations
Eliav Danziger, Leif Danziger
published in: Review of International Economics, 2025, 33 (2), 369-379
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17209
Exports and Jobs for Inclusive Growth in Cambodia
Deeksha Kokas, Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Raymond Robertson, Wendy Karamba
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17196
The Effect of Export Market Access on Labor Market Power: Firm-Level Evidence from Vietnam
Trang Hoang, Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17085
Posh Spice or Scary Spice? Resource Booms, Wealth, and Human Capital across Ages
Christopher Boone, Heidi Kaila, David E. Sahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16970
How Do Oil Prices Affect the GDP and Its Components? New Evidence from a Time-Varying Threshold Model
Leila Ben Salem, Ridha Nouira, Sami Saafi, Christophe Rault
revised version published in: Energy Policy, 2024, 190, 114162
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16846
A Minimum Wage May Increase Exports and Firm Size Even with a Competitive Labor Market
Eliav Danziger, Leif Danziger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16706
On the Impact of Oil Prices on Sectoral Inflation: Evidence from World's Top Oil Exporters and Importers
Leila Ben Salem, Ridha Nouira, Christophe Rault
published in: Journal of Energy and Development, 2023, 49 (1/2), 163-210
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15627
Exports and Labor Demand: Evidence from Egyptian Firm-Level Data
Claudia N. Berg, Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15458
Help in a Foreign Land: Internationalized Banks and Firms’ Export
Emanuele Brancati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15411
Mending the Gap: Apparel Export Prices and the Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15243
Enhanced Intergenerational Occupational Mobility through Trade Expansion: Evidence from Vietnam
Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham, Beyza Ural Marchand
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14953
Trade, Human Capital, and Income Risk
Liuchun Deng, Pravin Krishna, Mine Zeynep Senses, Jens Stegmaier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14667
Conditional Cash Transfers and Labor Market Conditions
Teresa Molina, Joaquim Vidiella-Martin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14390
Labor Market Power in Developing Countries: Evidence from Colombian Plants
Francesco Amodio, Nicolás de Roux
published as 'Measuring Labor Market Power in Developing Countries: Evidence from Colombian Plants' in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (2), 949–977
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14330
The Influence of Value-Chain Governance on Innovation Performance: A Study of Italian Suppliers
Emanuele Brancati, Carlo Pietrobelli, Caio Torres Mazzi
published in: Eurasian Business Review, 2024, 14 (2), 319-344
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13953
Consequences of a Massive Refugee Influx on Firm Performance and Market Structure
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Yusuf Kenan Bağır, Seyit Mümin Cilasun, Murat Güray Kirdar
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023, 162, 103081.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13875
Export-Led Growth after COVID-19: The Case of Portugal
Wim Naudé, Martin Cameron
published in: Notas Economicas, 2021, 52 (1), 7–53
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13773
Why Are Africa's Female Entrepreneurs Not Playing the Export Game? Evidence from Ghana
Charles G. Ackah, Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley, Cecília Hornok
published as 'Africa’s Businesswomen – Underfunded or Underperforming?' in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62 (3), 1051-1074
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13610
Tracing the Local Impacts of Exports on Poverty and Inequality in Mexico
Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Emmanuel Vazquez, Hernan Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13041
Short and Long-Run Labor Market Effects of Developing Country Exports: Evidence from Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12412
Migration and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia
Dany Bahar, Cem Özgüzel, Andreas Hauptmann, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 106, 2, 287-304
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11998
Decomposing the Exporter Wage Gap: Selection or Differential Returns?
Jonas Ehn Bødker, Jonas Maibom, Rune Majlund Vejlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11280
Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Diasporas and Exports
Massimiliano Bratti, Luca De Benedictis, Gianluca Santoni
revised version published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60(2), 249-272
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11225
Labor Market Imperfections, Markups and Productivity in Multinationals and Exporters
Sabien Dobbelaere, Kozo Kiyota
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 53, 198-212
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10658
Firms' Global Engagement and Management Practices
Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley
published in: Economics Letters, 2017, 155, 80–83
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10553
Does Official Development Assistance Affect Donor's Export? Case of Korea
Bobae Noh, Almas Heshmati
published in: SN Business & Economics, 2021, 1, article 141 (2021)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10112
Migrant Networks and Trade: The Vietnamese Boat People as a Natural Experiment
Christopher Parsons, Pierre-Louis Vézina
published in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128 (612), F210 - F234
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9971
Coerced Labor in the Cotton Sector: How Global Commodity Prices (Don't) Transmit to the Poor
Alexander M. Danzer, Robert Grundke
published as 'Export price shocks and rural labor markets: The role of labor market distortions' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2020, 145, 102464
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9788
Migration, Knowledge Diffusion and the Comparative Advantage of Nations
Dany Bahar, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128 (612), F273-305
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9520
Determinants of Trade Margins: Insights Using State Export Data
Cletus C. Coughlin, Subhayu Bandyopadhyay
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9437
Do Foreign Workers Reduce Trade Barriers? Microeconomic Evidence
Martyn J. Andrews, Thorsten Schank, Richard Upward
published in World Economy, 2017, 40(9), 1750-1774
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8894
Trade, Wages, and Collective Bargaining: Evidence from France
Juan Carluccio, Denis Fougère, Erwan Gautier
published in: Economic Journal, 2015, 125 (584), 803-837
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8891
The Spanish Productivity Puzzle in the Great Recession
Laura Hospido, Eva Moreno-Galbis
published in: P. Askenazy, L. Bellmann, A. Bryson, and E. Moreno Galbis (eds.), Productivity Puzzles Across Europe, Oxford University Press, 2016
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8483
Manufacturing Growth and the Lives of Bangladeshi Women
Rachel Heath, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2015, 115, 1-15
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8079
The Impact of Oil Revenues on the Iranian Economy and the Gulf States
Christian Dreger, Teymur Rahmani
published in: OPEC Energy Review, 2016, 40 (1), 36 - 49
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7923
Ethnic Diversity and Firms' Export Behavior
Pierpaolo Parrotta, Dario Pozzoli, Davide Sala
published in: European Economic Review, 2016, 89, 248-263
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7908
Preferential Market Access into the Chinese Market: How Good is it for Africa?
Catherine Y. Co, Ralitza Dimova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7611
Expanding Export Variety: The Role of Institutional Reforms in Developing Countries
Liugang Sheng, Dennis T. Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7494
Exporting and Labor Demand: Micro-Level Evidence from Germany
Andreas Lichter, Andreas Peichl, Sebastian Siegloch
revised version published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2017, 50 (4), 1161-1189
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7346
Firm-Level Heterogeneity and the Decision to Export: A Real Option Approach
Wim Naudé, Thomas Gries, Natasa Bilkic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7172
Why Some Firms Export? An Empirical Analysis for Manufacturing Firms in the MENA Region
Ali Fakih, Pascal L. Ghazalian
published as 'Which Firms Export? An Empirical Analysis for the Manufacturing Sector in the MENA Region' in: Journal of Economic Studies, 2014, 41 (5), 672-695
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7172
Why Some Firms Export? An Empirical Analysis for Manufacturing Firms in the MENA Region
Ali Fakih, Pascal L. Ghazalian
published as 'Which Firms Export? An Empirical Analysis for the Manufacturing Sector in the MENA Region' in: Journal of Economic Studies, 2014, 41 (5), 672-695
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6685
The Rise of the East and the Far East: German Labor Markets and Trade Integration
Wolfgang Dauth, Sebastian Findeisen, Jens Suedekum
revised version published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2014, 12 (6), 1643-1675
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6468
An Empirical Growth Model for Major Oil Exporters
Hadi Salehi Esfahani, Kamiar Mohaddes, M. Hashem Pesaran
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2014, 29 (1), 1-21
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6468
An Empirical Growth Model for Major Oil Exporters
Hadi Salehi Esfahani, Kamiar Mohaddes, M. Hashem Pesaran
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2014, 29 (1), 1-21
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6466
Exports and Wages: Rent Sharing, Workforce Composition or Returns to Skills?
Mario Macis, Fabiano Schivardi
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2016, 34(4), 945 - 978
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6466
Exports and Wages: Rent Sharing, Workforce Composition or Returns to Skills?
Mario Macis, Fabiano Schivardi
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2016, 34(4), 945 - 978
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6393
The Microstructure of the Great Export Collapse in German Manufacturing Industries, 2008/2009
Joachim Wagner
published in: Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 2013, 7 (1), 20130005
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6274
Average Wage, Qualification of the Workforce and Export Performance in German Enterprises: Evidence from KombiFiD Data
Joachim Wagner
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2012, 45 (2), 161-170
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6145
The Impact of Immigration on International Trade: A Meta-Analysis
Murat Genc, Masood Gheasi, Peter Nijkamp, Jacques Poot
published in: P. Nijkamp, J. Poot J and M. Sahin (eds.) Migration Impact Assessment: New Horizons, Edward Elgar, 2012
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6054
Speeding Up the Product Cycle: The Role of Host Country Reforms
Liugang Sheng, Dennis T. Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6013
Why Ex(Im)porters Pay More: Evidence from Matched Firm-Worker Panels
Pedro S. Martins, Luca David Opromolla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6009
Exports, Foreign Direct Investments and Productivity: Are Services Firms Different?
Joachim Wagner
published in: Service Industries Journal, 2014, 34 (1), 24-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6001
Do Foreign Experts Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms?
Nikolaj Malchow-Møller, Jakob R. Munch, Jan Rose Skaksen
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2019, 121, 517-546.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5924
Exports, Imports and Firm Survival: First Evidence for Manufacturing Enterprises in Germany
Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2013, 149 (1), 113-130
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5766
Exports, Imports and Profitability: First Evidence for Manufacturing Enterprises
Joachim Wagner
published in: Open Economies Review, 2012, 23 (5), 747-765
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5244
Exports and Firm Characteristics in German Manufacturing Industries
Joachim Wagner
published in: Applied Economics Quarterly, 2011, 57 (2), 107-143 and 145-160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5183
The Post-Entry Performance of Cohorts of Export Starters in German Manufacturing Industries
Joachim Wagner
published in: International Journal of the Economics of Business, 2012, 19 (2), 169-193
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5147
Self-Selection into Export Markets by Business Services Firms: Evidence from France, Germany and the United Kingdom
Yama Temouri, Alexander Vogel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2013, 25 (2), 146-158
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5112
The Exporter Productivity Premium along the Productivity Distribution: First Evidence from a Quantile Regression Approach for Fixed Effects Panel Data Models
David Powell, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2014, 150 (4), 763-785
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4964
Productivity Premia for German Manufacturing Firms Exporting to the Euro-Area and Beyond: First Evidence from Robust Fixed Effects Estimations
Vincenzo Verardi, Joachim Wagner
published in: The World Economy, 2012, 35 (6), 694-712
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4964
Productivity Premia for German Manufacturing Firms Exporting to the Euro-Area and Beyond: First Evidence from Robust Fixed Effects Estimations
Vincenzo Verardi, Joachim Wagner
published in: The World Economy, 2012, 35 (6), 694-712
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4928
Robust Estimation of Linear Fixed Effects Panel Data Models with an Application to the Exporter Productivity Premium
Vincenzo Verardi, Joachim Wagner
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2011, 231 (4), 546-557
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4786
Financial Constraints and Innovation: Why Poor Countries Don't Catch Up
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Monika Schnitzer
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2013, 11(5), 1115-1152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4474
Openness and Technological Innovation in East Asia: Have They Increased the Demand for Skills?
Rita K. Almeida
published in: Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 2010, 17 (1), 63-96
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4076
Subsidies and Exports in Germany: First Evidence from Enterprise Panel Data
Sourafel Girma, Holger Görg, Joachim Wagner
published in: Applied Economics Quarterly, 2009, 55 (3), 179-195
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3854
Higher Productivity in Importing German Manufacturing Firms: Self-Selection, Learning from Importing, or Both?
Alexander Vogel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2009, 145 (4), 641-665
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3798
Exports and Profitability: First Evidence for German Manufacturing Firms
Helmut Fryges, Joachim Wagner
published in: World Economy, 2010, 33 (3), 399-423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3359
Higher Wages in Exporting Firms: Self-Selection, Export Effect, or Both? First Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data
Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2010, 146 (2), 303-322
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3359
Higher Wages in Exporting Firms: Self-Selection, Export Effect, or Both? First Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data
Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2010, 146 (2), 303-322
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2907
Openness and Technological Innovations in Developing Countries: Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys
Rita K. Almeida, Ana Margarida Fernandes
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2008, 44 (5), 701-727
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2782
Exports and Productivity Growth: First Evidence from a Continuous Treatment Approach
Helmut Fryges, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2008, 144 (4), 695-722
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2661
Productivity and Size of the Export Market: Evidence for West and East German Plants, 2004
Joachim Wagner
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2007, 227 (4), 403-408
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2656
Why More West than East German Firms Export
Joachim Wagner
published in: International Economics and Economic Policy, 2008, 5 (4), 363-370
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2637
Do Institutions, Ownership, Exporting and Competition Explain Firm Performance? Evidence from 26 Transition Countries
Simon Commander, Jan Svejnar
revised version published as 'Business Environment, Exports, Ownership, and Firm Performance' in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2011, 93 (1), 309 - 337
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2409
Human Capital and Wages in Exporting Firms
Jakob R. Munch, Jan Rose Skaksen
published in: Journal of International Economics, 2008, 75 (2), 363-372
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1998
Ethnic Networks and U.S. Exports
Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Cletus C. Coughlin, Howard J. Wall
published in: Review of International Economics, 2008, 16 (1), 199-213
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1672
Exports and Labour Demand: Searching for Functional Structure in Multi-Output Multi-Skill Technologies
Bertrand Koebel
published in: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 2006, 24 (1), 91-103
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1611
Multinationals and Plant Exit: Evidence from Chile
Roberto Alvarez, Holger Görg
published in: International Review of Economics and Finance, 2009, 18 (1), 45-51
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1185
Exporting Firms Do Not Pay Higher Wages, Ceteris Paribus. First Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
substantially revised version published as 'Do exporters really pay higher wages? First evidence from linked employer-employee data' in: Journal of International Economics, 2007, 72 (1), 52-74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1185
Exporting Firms Do Not Pay Higher Wages, Ceteris Paribus. First Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
substantially revised version published as 'Do exporters really pay higher wages? First evidence from linked employer-employee data' in: Journal of International Economics, 2007, 72 (1), 52-74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 944
Much Ado About Nothing? Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?
Holger Görg, David Greenaway
published in: World Bank Research Observer, 2004, 19(2), 171-197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 688
The Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Employment and Wages in Tunisian Industries
Ilham Haouas, Mahmoud Yagoubi, Almas Heshmati
published in: Journal of International Development, 2005, 17 (4), 527-551
IZA Discussion Paper No. 375
The Pro-Trade Effect of Immigration on American Exports During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
James A. Dunlevy, William K. Hutchinson
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