The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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329 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18245
Evaluators’ Masculine Gender Identity May Drive Gender Biases in Peer Evaluation of Business Plans
Magdalena Adamus, Martin Guzi, Eva Ballová Mikušková
published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2025, 102473.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18204
Decline in Job Satisfaction and How It Relates to Investment Decisions of the Self-Employed
Jörn Block, Miriam Gnad, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel
published in: Applied Psychology, 2025, 74 (6), e70039
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18160
A Tale of Two Startups: The Loss and Gain of Startups in the U.S. Economy in the Pandemic
Robert W. Fairlie, Frank M. Fossen, Ke Lyu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18143
AI Business Applications Training and Business Outcomes: An Inclusive Intervention for Underrepresented Entrepreneurs
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18101
How Do Minimum Wages Affect Nonemployer Businesses in the United States?
Ke Lyu, Frank M. Fossen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18009
An Estimated Model of Employer and Non-Employer Entrepreneurship
Md Mobarak Hossain, Frank M. Fossen, Sankar Mukhopadhyay
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17994
Built, Not Born: How Education Predicts Billionaire Wealth
Michael Jan Kendzia, Tomas Neville, Maya Gadgil
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17801
Female Representation and Talent Allocation in Entrepreneurship: The Role of Early Exposure to Entrepreneurs
Mikkel Mertz, Maddalena Ronchi, Viola Salvestrini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17794
Climate Technology Entrepreneurship: A Primer
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17730
(Mis)Pricing in Loans to Businesses Owned by People of Color
William D. Bradford, Chunbei Wang, Magnus Lofstrom, Michael Verchot
short version published as 'Are Loans to Minority-Owned Firms Mispriced?' in: AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2025, 115, 477–482
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17672
Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success
Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Leonardo Iacovone, Hillary C. Johnson, David McKenzie, Mona Mensmann
forthcoming in: American Economic Review: Insights
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17577
Neo-Schumpeterian Growth Theory: Missing Entrepreneurs Results in Incomplete Policy Advice
Magnus Henrekson, Dan Johansson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17516
Small Enterprises' Digital Competencies and Financial Performance
Nick Drydakis
published in: V. Aranitou, A. Angelakis, and M. Manioudis (eds), The Economic Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Analytical Approaches to Growth and Innovation Challenges Amid Crises in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2025, 55–68
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17321
Business Disruptions Due to Social Vulnerability and Criminal Activities in Urban Areas
Nick Drydakis
published in: Journal of Criminal Justice, 2024, 95, 102293
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17281
Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17231
Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?
Thomas B. Astebro, Frank M. Fossen, Cédric Gutierrez
forthcoming in: A. Agrawal et al. (eds), Bayesian Entrepreneurship, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2026
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17231
Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?
Thomas B. Astebro, Frank M. Fossen, Cédric Gutierrez
forthcoming in: A. Agrawal et al. (eds), Bayesian Entrepreneurship, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2026
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17170
The Long Run Gender Origins of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Australia's Convict History
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, Simon Chang, Russell Smyth, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17158
Entrepreneurship Is Dangerously Obsessed with Growth and Incompatible with Current Visions of a Post-growth Society
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17075
The African Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index: Conceptual, Methodological and Empirical Flaws and the Way Forward
Wim Naudé
published online in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 25 April 2025
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