The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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945 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16942
Time of Change: Health Effects of Motherhood
Fabian T. Dehos, Marie Elina Paul, Wiebke Schäfer, Karolin Süß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16902
Equitable Use of Subsidized Child Care in Georgia
Thomas Goldring, David C. Ribar
published in: Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2025, 70 , 65-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16895
Heterogeneous Impacts of Trade Shocks on Workers
Patrick Arni, Peter Egger, Katharina Erhardt, Matthias Gubler, Philip Sauré
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16800
The Labour Market Returns to Graduation: Reconciling Administrative and Survey Data Estimates
Anna Adamecz, Matt Dickson, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16787
Wage Cyclicality and Labour Market Institutions
João Pereira, Raul Ramos, Pedro S. Martins
revised version forthcoming in: Industrial Relations, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16721
Birds of a Feather Earn Together. Gender and Peer Effects at the Workplace
Julián Messina, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anastasia Terskaya
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16672
Nothing Really Matters: Evaluating Demand-Side Moderators of Age Discrimination in Hiring
Axana Dalle, Louis Lippens, Stijn Baert
published online in: Social-Economic Review, 27 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16663
Non-Wage Job Values and Implications for Inequality
Tobias Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16630
(Frisch-Waugh-Lovell)' On the Estimation of Regression Models by Row
Damian Clarke, Nicolás Paris Torres, Benjamin Villena-Roldan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16610
Just Another Cog in the Machine? A Worker-Level View of Robotization and Tasks
Milena Nikolova, Anthony Lepinteur, Femke Cnossen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16594
Consistent Estimation of Panel Data Sample Selection Models
Badi H. Baltagi, Sergi Jimenez-Martin, José M. Labeaga, Majid al Sadoon
published online in: Econometrics and Statistic, 11 November 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16570
Does Global Warming Worsen Poverty and Inequality? An Updated Review
Hai-Anh H Dang, Stephane Hallegatte, Trong-Anh Trinh
published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2024, 38 (5), 1873-1905
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16543
Estimating Intergenerational Health Transmission in Taiwan with Administrative Health Records
Harrison Chang, Timothy J. Halliday, Ming-Jen Lin, Bhashkar Mazumder
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 238, 105194
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16512
Downward Rigidity in the Wage for New Hires
Jonathon Hazell, Bledi Taska
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16501
Understanding Urban Economies, Land Use, and Social Dynamics in the City: Big Data and Measurement
Albert Saiz, Arianna Salazar-Miranda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16491
Job Creation and Job Destruction in Turkey: 2006 - 2021
Sinem H. Ayhan, Hartmut Lehmann, Selin Pelek
published online as 'Job Creation and Job Destruction in Turkey' in: Eurasian Economic Review, 06 June 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16474
Can Vocational Education Improve Schooling and Labour Outcomes? Evidence from a Large Expansion
João R. Ferreira, Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16450
The Birth Order Effect: A Modern Phenomenon?
Ana Nuevo-Chiquero, Marian Vidal-Fernandez, Jee-Yeon K. Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16425
Adult Education Attendance and Postsecondary Outcomes
Thomas Kouwe, David C. Ribar, Daphne Greenberg, Yiwei Duan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16409
The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences
Iacopo Morchio, Christian Moser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16381
International Trade and Job Polarization: Evidence at the Worker Level
Wolfgang Keller, Hale Utar
published in: Journal of International Economics, 2023, 145, 103810.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16342
Nighttime Light Pollution and Economic Activities: A Spatio-Temporal Model with Common Factors for US Counties
Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne, Guy Lacroix
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16342
Nighttime Light Pollution and Economic Activities: A Spatio-Temporal Model with Common Factors for US Counties
Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne, Guy Lacroix
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16323
Women in Management and the Gender Pay Gap
Virginia Sondergeld, Katharina Wrohlich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16289
Injury Risk, Concussions, Race, and Pay in the NFL
Quinn Keefer, Thomas J. Kniesner
published in: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2023, 67(2), 107-136
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16268
What Makes Hiring Difficult? Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data
Antoine Bertheau, Birthe Larsen, Zeyu Zhao
this version: December 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16202
Fixed Effects and Causal Inference
Daniel L. Millimet, Marc Bellemare
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16196
The Employment Effects of a Wage Subsidy for the Young during an Economic Recovery
Astrid Kunze, Marta Palczyńska, Iga Magda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16058
What We Teach about Race and Gender: Representation in Images and Text of Children's Books
Anjali Adukia, Alex Eble, Emileigh Harrison, Hakizumwami Birali Runesha, Teodora Szasz
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138 (4), 2225 - 2285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16013
Workers' Perceptions of Earnings Growth and Employment Risk
Gizem Koşar, Wilbert van der Klaauw
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15956
Works Councils as Gatekeepers: Codetermination, Monitoring Practices, and Job Satisfaction
Christian Grund, Dirk Sliwka, Krystina Titz
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 90, 102563
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15937
The Transformation of Public Policy Analysis in Times of Crisis – A Microsimulation-Nowcasting Method Using Big Data
Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa Maria Sologon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15935
Labour Mobility in German Establishments during the COVID-19 Crisis: Panel Data Analyses with Special Reference to Short-Time Work and Working from Home
Lisa Bellmann, Lutz Bellmann, Olaf Hübler
revised version published as 'Labour mobility, short-time work and working from home: establishments' behaviour during the COVID-19 crisis' in: International Journal of Manpower, 2024, 45(6), 1262-1278
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15921
Recovering Income Distribution in the Presence of Interval-Censored Data
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Fernando Rios-Avila, Flavia Sacco-Capurro
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22, 1039 - 1060
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15917
Did COVID-19 Deteriorate Mismatch in the Japanese Labor Market?
Yudai Higashi, Masaru Sasaki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15887
Unintended Effects of the Flexible Grading Policy
Mehlika Ozsoy, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15887
Unintended Effects of the Flexible Grading Policy
Mehlika Ozsoy, Núria Rodríguez-Planas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15865
The Role of Firm Dynamics in the Green Transition: Carbon Productivity Decomposition in Finnish Manufacturing
Natalia Kuosmanen, Terhi Maczulskij
published as 'Going green while getting lean: Decomposing carbon and total factor green productivity' in: Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 352, 120046.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15815
Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using ?-Contamination: An Application to Crop Yields and Climate Change
Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix
published in: Empirical Economics, 2023, 64, 2475–2509
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15801
Staggered Contracts and Unemployment during Recessions
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Luis Díez-Catalán, Ernesto Villanueva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15770
Moving up the Social Ladder? Wages of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants from Developing Countries
Kevin Pineda-Hernández, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15765
Parental Beliefs, Perceived Health Risks, and Time Investment in Children: Evidence from COVID-19
Gabriella Conti, Michele Giannola, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15745
Maternal and Infant Health Inequality: New Evidence from Linked Administrative Data
Kate Kennedy-Moulton, Sarah Miller, Petra Persson, Maya Rossin-Slater, Laura R. Wherry, Gloria Aldana
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15736
The Impact of Immigration and Integration Policies On Immigrant-Native Labor Market Hierarchies
Martin Guzi, Martin Kahanec, Lucia Mýtna Kureková
published in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2023, 49 (16), 4169–4187
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15733
Female Neighbors, Test Scores, and Careers
Sofoklis Goulas, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15708
The Identification of Time-Invariant Variables in Panel Data Model: Exploring the Role of Science in Firms’ Productivity
Sara Amoroso, Randolph Luca Bruno, Laura Magazzini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15689
Does Updating Education Curricula Accelerate Technology Adoption in the Workplace? Evidence from Dual Vocational Education and Training Curricula in Switzerland
Tobias Schultheiss, Uschi Backes-Gellner
published in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 2024, 49, 191–235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15669
A Measure of Well-Being Efficiency Based on the World Happiness Report
Francesco Sarracino, Kelsey J. O'Connor
published in: International Productivity Monitor, 2022, 43, 10-40.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15658
How to Best Fight Poverty: The Uneven Ex-post Effects of Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfers on Labor Earnings
Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll, Roberto Quaranta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15617
Employer Cooperation, Productivity, and Wages: New Evidence from Inter-Firm Formal Network Agreements
Francesco Devicienti, Elena Grinza, Alessandro Manello, Davide Vannoni
published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (365), 1 - 41
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