The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 14,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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898 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15894
The Multigenerational Impact of Children and Childcare Policies
Sencer Karademir, Jean-William Laliberté, Stefan Staubli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15890
What Drives Paternity Leave: Financial Incentives or Flexibility?
Lennart Ziegler, Omar Bamieh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15877
Reminder Design and Childhood Vaccination Coverage
Jonas Cuzulan Hirani, Miriam Wüst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15859
Schools as Safety Nets: Break-Downs and Recovery in Reporting of Violence against Children
Damian Clarke, Pilar Larroulet, Daniel Pailañir, Daniela Quintana
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15857
Women's Education and Fertility in China
Zheyuan Zhang, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15828
Do Fathers Have Son Preference in the United States? Evidence from Paternal Subjective Well-Being
Younghwan Song, Jia Gao
published online in: Review of Economics of the Household, 02 January 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15821
Secure Communities as Immigration Enforcement: How Secure Is the Child Care Market?
Umair Ali, Jessica H. Brown, Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15814
Early Child Care and Labor Supply of Lower-SES Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Henning Hermes, Marina Krauß, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15795
Does Using Planning Policy to Restrict Fast Food Outlets Reduce Inequalities in Childhood Overweight and Obesity?
Huasheng Xiang, Viviana Albani, Louis Goffe, Nasima Akhter, Amelia Lake, Heather Brown
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15788
Beliefs about Maternal Labor Supply
Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Katja Maria Kaufmann, Christopher Rauh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15788
Beliefs about Maternal Labor Supply
Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Katja Maria Kaufmann, Christopher Rauh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15776
Maternal Dengue and Health Outcomes of Children
Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner, Livia Menezes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15765
Parental Beliefs, Perceived Health Risks, and Time Investment in Children: Evidence from COVID-19
Gabriella Conti, Michele Giannola, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15715
Teleworking and Life Satisfaction during COVID-19: The Importance of Family Structure
Claudia Senik, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Anthony Lepinteur, Carsten Schröder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15705
Public Childcare, Labor Market Outcomes of Caregivers, and Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Brazil
Orazio Attanasio, Ricardo Paes de Barros, Pedro Carneiro, David K. Evans, Lycia Lima, Pedro Olinto, Norbert Schady
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15705
Public Childcare, Labor Market Outcomes of Caregivers, and Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Brazil
Orazio Attanasio, Ricardo Paes de Barros, Pedro Carneiro, David K. Evans, Lycia Lima, Pedro Olinto, Norbert Schady
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15640
Is Longer Maternal Care Always Beneficial? The Impact of a Four-Year Paid Parental Leave
Alena Bicakova, Klara Kaliskova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15640
Is Longer Maternal Care Always Beneficial? The Impact of a Four-Year Paid Parental Leave
Alena Bicakova, Klara Kaliskova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15624
Spillover Effects of Immigration Policies on Children's Human Capital
Esther Arenas-Arroyo, Bernhard Schmidpeter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15624
Spillover Effects of Immigration Policies on Children's Human Capital
Esther Arenas-Arroyo, Bernhard Schmidpeter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15620
Are Environmental Concerns Deterring People from Having Children?
Ben Lockwood, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Andrew J. Oswald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15616
Informal Institution Meets Child Development: Clan Culture and Child Labor in China
Can Tang, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15609
Analysis of Twins
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke
forthcoming in: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15609
Analysis of Twins
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke
forthcoming in: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15591
The Kids Aren't Alright: Parental Job Loss and Children's Outcomes within and beyond Schools
Diogo Britto, Caíque Melo, Breno Sampaio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15571
Culture, Children and Couple Gender Inequality
Jonas Jessen
revised version published in European Economic Review 2022, 150, 104310
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15553
The Impact of Maternal Education on Child Immunization: Evidence from Bangladesh
Md Shahjahan, Giulia La Mattina, Padmaja Ayyagari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15547
Child Care in the United States: Markets, Policy, and Evidence
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15547
Child Care in the United States: Markets, Policy, and Evidence
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15531
Universal Early Childhood Education and Adolescent Risky Behavior
Michihito Ando, Hiroaki Mori, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15527
What Divides the First and Second Generations? Family Time of Arrival and Educational Outcomes for Immigrant Youth
Marie C. Hull
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2023, 89 (3), 754-787
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15490
The Effect of Health Insurance on Child Nutritional Outcomes. Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design in Peru
Noelia Bernal, Joan Costa-Font, Patricia Ritter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15435
The Impact of Centre-Based Childcare on Non-cognitive Skills of Young Children
Greta Morando, Lucinda Platt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15435
The Impact of Centre-Based Childcare on Non-cognitive Skills of Young Children
Greta Morando, Lucinda Platt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15421
Effects of Extending Paid Parental Leave on Children's Socio-Emotional Skills and Well-Being in Adolescence
Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Cecilie Marie Løchte Jørgensen, Ida Lykke Kristiansen, Miriam Gensowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15418
Genetic and Socioeconomic Achievement Gaps in Elementary School
Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Victor Ronda, Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15388
Spillover Effects of Old-Age Pension across Generations: Family Labor Supply and Child Outcomes
Katja Maria Kaufmann, Yasemin Özdemir, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15388
Spillover Effects of Old-Age Pension across Generations: Family Labor Supply and Child Outcomes
Katja Maria Kaufmann, Yasemin Özdemir, Han Ye
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15368
A Shot at Economic Prosperity: Long-Term Effects of India's Childhood Immunization Program on Earnings and Consumption Expenditure
Amit Summan, Arindam Nandi, David E. Bloom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15353
Job Location Decisions and the Effect of Children on the Employment Gender Gap
Andrea Albanese, Adrián Nieto, Konstantinos Tatsiramos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15324
The Short- And Longer-Term Effects of a Child Labor Ban
Caio Piza, André Portela Souza, Patrick M. Emerson, Vivian Amorim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15312
The Labour Supply of Mothers
Hélène Turon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15312
The Labour Supply of Mothers
Hélène Turon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15304
Parents' Effective Time Endowment and Divorce: Evidence from Extended School Days
María Padilla-Romo, Cecilia Peluffo, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15288
Income Shocks, Bride Price and Child Marriage in Turkey
Isabelle Chort, Rozenn Hotte, Karine Marazyan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15252
Measuring Knowledge
James J. Heckman, Jin Zhou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15239
Grandfathers and Grandsons: Social Security Expansion and Child Health in China
Jinyang Yang, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15233
The Child Quantity–Quality Trade-off
Rufei Guo, Junjian Yi, Junsen Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15233
The Child Quantity–Quality Trade-off
Rufei Guo, Junjian Yi, Junsen Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15223
Paid Childcare Leave, Fertility, and Female Labor Supply in South Korea
Kyeongkuk Kim, Sang-Hyop Lee, Timothy J. Halliday
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15179
Developmental Losses in Young Children from Pre-primary Program Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Alejandra Abufhele, David Bravo, Florencia López Bóo, Pamela Soto-Ramirez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15179
Developmental Losses in Young Children from Pre-primary Program Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Alejandra Abufhele, David Bravo, Florencia López Bóo, Pamela Soto-Ramirez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15144
Child Labor Bans, Employment, and School Attendance: Evidence from Changes in the Minimum Working Age
Mireille Kozhaya, Fernanda Martínez Flores
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15129
Maternity Leave and Paternity Leave: Evidence on the Economic Impact of Legislative Changes in High Income Countries
Serena Canaan, Anne Sophie Lassen, Philip Rosenbaum, Herdis Steingrimsdottir
forthcoming in: The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15124
Birth Weight and Cognitive Development during Childhood: Evidence from India
Santosh Kumar, Kaushalendra Kumar, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Arindam Nandi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15118
Who Is Doing the Chores and Childcare in Dual-Earner Couples during the COVID-19 Era of Working from Home?
Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Victoria Vernon
published online in: Review of Economics of the Household, 09 January 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15095
Reducing Racial Inequality in Access to the Ballot Reduces Racial Inequality in Children's Later-Life Outcomes
Daniel Jones, Ying Shi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15094
Early Life Access to Polio Vaccines and Declining Disability Rates in India
Mayanka Ambade, Nidhiya Menon, S. V. Subramanian
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15070
Heterogeneous Peer Effects under Endogenous Selection: An Application to Local and Migrant Children in Elementary Schools in Shanghai
Yuanyuan Chen, Shuaizhang Feng, Chao Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15050
The Demand for Gratitude as a Restraint on the Use of Child Labor: A Hypothesis
Oded Stark, Wiktor Budzinski
published online in: Journal of Demographic Eocnomics, 24 January 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14990
Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Hanna Mühlrad, Mårten Palme
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14990
Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Hanna Mühlrad, Mårten Palme
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14983
Human Capital Investments and Family Size in Italy: IV Estimates Using Twin Births as an Instrument
Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14975
Estimating the Effects of Milk Inspections on Infant and Child Mortality, 1880-1910
D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Michael McKelligott, Daniel I. Rees
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14972
Syrian Refugees and Human Capital Accumulation of Native Children in Turkey
Selcen Çakır, Elif Erbay, Murat G. Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14952
Effects of Childhood Peers on Personality Skills
Shuaizhang Feng, Jun Hyung Kim, Zhe Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14937
Family Social Norms and Child Labor
Shirit Katav Herz, Gil S. Epstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14902
The Fertility Effects of School Entry Decisions
Rebecca Kamb, Marcus Tamm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14880
Access to Head Start and Maternal Labor Supply: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence
Jocelyn Wikle, Riley Wilson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14868
The Health Effects of Universal Early Childhood Interventions: Evidence from Sure Start
Sarah Cattan, Gabriella Conti, Christine Farquharson, Rita Ginja, Maud Pecher
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14854
The Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive Skills: An Investigation of the Causal Impact of Families on Student Outcomes
Eric A. Hanushek, Babs Jacobs, Guido Schwerdt, Rolf Van der Velden, Stan Vermeulen, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14851
Center-Based Care and Parenting Activities
Jonas Jessen, C. Katharina Spiess, Sevrin Waights
revised version published online in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 16 June 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14851
Center-Based Care and Parenting Activities
Jonas Jessen, C. Katharina Spiess, Sevrin Waights
revised version published online in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 16 June 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14841
Motherhood, Pregnancy or Marriage Effects?
Ines Berniell, Lucila Berniell, Dolores De la Mata, María Edo, Yarine Fawaz, Matilde P. Machado, Mariana Marchionni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14811
The Evolving Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the U.S. Labor Market: The COVID Motherhood Penalty
Kenneth A. Couch, Robert W. Fairlie, Huanan Xu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14809
Childhood Adversity and Energy Poverty
Zhiming Cheng, Liwen Guo, Russell Smyth, Massimiliano Tani
published in: Energy Economics, 2022, 111, 106101
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14795
Does Grandparenting Pay off for the Next Generations? Intergenerational Effects of Grandparental Care
Mara Barschkett, C. Katharina Spieß, Elena Ziege
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14775
Civil War, Famine and the Persistence of Human Capital: Evidence from Tajikistan
Louise Grogan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14775
Civil War, Famine and the Persistence of Human Capital: Evidence from Tajikistan
Louise Grogan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14763
Measuring the Child Penalty Early in a Career: The Case of Young Adults in France
Stephen Bazen, Xavier Joutard, Hélène Périvier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14752
Two Decades of Welfare Reforms in Australia: How Did They Affect Single Mothers and Their Children?
Alexandra de Gendre, Stefanie Schurer, Angela Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14743
Inequality in Early Care Experienced by U.S. Children
Sarah Flood, Joel McMurry, Aaron Sojourner, Matthew Wiswall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14743
Inequality in Early Care Experienced by U.S. Children
Sarah Flood, Joel McMurry, Aaron Sojourner, Matthew Wiswall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14716
School Integration of Refugee Children: Evidence from the Largest Refugee Group in Any Country
Murat G. Kirdar, Ismet Koc, Meltem Dayioglu-Tayfur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14711
COVID-19 and the Employment Gender Gap
Taiyo Fukai, Masato Ikeda, Daiji Kawaguchi, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14708
On the Family Origins of Human Capital Formation: Evidence from Donor Children
Petter Lundborg, Erik Plug, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14698
Behavioral Barriers and the Socioeconomic Gap in Child Care Enrollment
Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14698
Behavioral Barriers and the Socioeconomic Gap in Child Care Enrollment
Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14693
Child Health and Parental Responses to an Unconditional Cash Transfer at Birth
Alexandra de Gendre, John Lynch, Aurélie Meunier, Rhiannon Pilkington, Stefanie Schurer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14687
Feed the Children
Laurens Cherchye, Pierre-André Chiappori, Bram De Rock, Charlotte Ringdal, Frederic Vermeulen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14684
Minimum Quality Regulations and the Demand for Child Care Labor
Umair Ali, Chris M. Herbst, Christos A. Makridis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14670
Head Start Funding Expansions and Program Inputs
Chris M. Herbst, Esra Kose
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14665
Have Girls Been Left behind during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Gender Differences in Pandemic Effects on Children's Mental Wellbeing
Silvia Mendolia, Agne Suziedelyte, Anna Zhu
published in: Economics Letters, 2022, 214, 110458
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14657
The Impact of Changing Climate on Children's Nutritional Status in Bangladesh
S.M. Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi, Nidhiya Menon, Agnes Quisumbing
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14656
Income and Views on Minimum Living Standards
David W. Johnston, Nidhiya Menon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14627
Impacts of Double-Fortified Salt on Anemia and Cognition: Four-Year Follow-up Evidence from a School-Based Nutrition Intervention in India
Liza von Grafenstein, Abhijeet Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Sebastian Vollmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14612
The Economic Costs of Child Maltreatment in UK
Gabriella Conti, Elena Pizzo, Stephen Morris, Mariya Melnychuk
published in: Health Economics, First published: 14 September 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14598
Operation Allied Force: Unintended Consequences of the NATO Bombing on Children's Outcomes
Lara Lebedinski, Giuseppe Migali, Miloš Popović, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14591
Why Are Pollution Damages Lower in Developed Countries? Insights from High-Income, High-Particulate Matter Hong Kong
Jonathan Colmer, Dajun Lin, Siying Liu, Jay Shimshack
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14587
Exposure to Neighborhood Violence and Child-Parent Conflict among a Longitudinal Sample of Dutch Adolescents
Jaap Nieuwenhuis, Matt Best, Matt Vogel, Maarten van Ham, Susan Branje, Wim Meeus
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