The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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691 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17797
Immigration, Workforce Composition, and Organizational Performance: The Effect of Brexit on NHS Hospital Quality
Henrique Castro-Pires, Kai Fischer, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17793
The Menopause
Gabriella Conti, Rita Ginja, Petra Persson, Barton Willage
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17786
The Effects of State Paid Sick Leave Mandates on Parental Childcare Time
J. Catherine Maclean, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17780
Equal Before Luck? Well-Being Consequences of Personal Deprivation and Transition
Joan Costa-Font, Anna Nicińska, Melcior Rosello-Roig
forthcoming in: Social Science and Medicine, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17777
Absence of Care Among Community-Living Older Persons with Dementia and Disabilities: A Cross-National Analysis of Population Survey from 22 Countries
Zhuoer Lin, Yuting Qian, Thomas M. Gill, Xiaohui Hou, Heather Allore, Shanquan Chen, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17771
Health and Labor Market Consequences of Low-Value Care: The Role of Practice Style
Mattia Albertini, Pieter Bakx, Fabrizio Mazzonna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17757
Quest for Talents: Attraction and Retention of Highly-Skilled Overseas Chinese in the United States and Canada
Tony Fang, Lilac Ge, John Hartley, Hui Ming
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17725
Reproductive Technology and the Child Care Sector: How Access to Oral Contraception and Abortion Shaped Workforce Composition and Quality
Chris M. Herbst, Erdal Tekin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17694
Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parents' Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach
Simone Schüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17676
Willingness to Compete in Dirty Competitions
Thomas Buser, Sahar Sangi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17673
Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap
Yoko Okuyama, Takeshi Murooka, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17654
Workers’ Task and Employer Mobility over the Business Cycle
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Fraser Summerfield, Ludo Visschers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17653
Families’ Career Investments and Firms’ Promotion Decisions
Frederik Almar, Benjamin Friedrich, Ana Reynoso, Bastian Schulz, Rune Majlund Vejlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17642
Public Long-Term Care Insurance and Retirement Intentions of Urban Workers: Evidence from China
Tianli Yang, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17560
Not Just for Kids: Child and Dependent Care Credit Benefits for Adult Care
Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17560
Not Just for Kids: Child and Dependent Care Credit Benefits for Adult Care
Gabrielle Pepin, Yulya Truskinovsky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17547
Matching Disadvantaged Children to Day Care: Evidence from a Centralized Platform
Olivier De Groote, Minyoung Rho
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17539
Disruptive Peers and Academic Performance: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes
Sofoklis Goulas, Silvia Griselda, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17538
What Is the Value of the Child and Dependent Care Credit?
Gabrielle Pepin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17538
What Is the Value of the Child and Dependent Care Credit?
Gabrielle Pepin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17532
Hope, Noise, and the Efficiency of Perfect Meritocracy
Luca Beltrametti, Gabriele Cardullo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17509
The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Family-Friendly Policies on Mothers' Employment
Alicia De Quinto, Libertad González
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17505
Twenty-Five Hours in a Day: On Job Flexibility and the Intrahousehold Allocation of Time and Money
Iris Kesternich, Frederic Vermeulen, Alexander Wintzéus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17504
Cut Off from New Competition: Threat of Entry and Quality of Primary Care
Eduard Brüll, Davud Rostam-Afschar, Oliver Schlenker
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 92, 102669
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17497
Not a Lucky Break? Why and When a Career Hiatus Hijacks Hiring Chances
Liam D'hert, Louis Lippens, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17490
The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe
Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto
published online in: Health Economics, 29 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17490
The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe
Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto
published online in: Health Economics, 29 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17430
Effects of Center-Based Child Care on Disadvantaged Children: Evidence from a Randomized Research Design
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17422
Caring Dads? Universal Childcare, Paternity Leave and Fathers' Involvement
Mathias Huebener, Malin K. Mahlbacher, Sophia Schmitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17351
The Declining Relative Quality of the Child Care Workforce
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17351
The Declining Relative Quality of the Child Care Workforce
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17293
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
published online in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17268
Economic Shocks and Worker Careers: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Transitions Out of Unemployment?
Mara Buhmann, Laura Pohlan, Duncan H.W. Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17263
Medical Residency Subsidies and Physician Shortages
Cici McNamara, Mayra Pineda-Torres
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17263
Medical Residency Subsidies and Physician Shortages
Cici McNamara, Mayra Pineda-Torres
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17263
Medical Residency Subsidies and Physician Shortages
Cici McNamara, Mayra Pineda-Torres
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17238
The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care Credit
Gabrielle Pepin
forthcoming in: ILR Review, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17238
The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care Credit
Gabrielle Pepin
forthcoming in: ILR Review, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17232
Effects of Health Shocks on Adult Children's Labor Market Outcomes and Well-Being
Eduardo Ramirez Lizardi, Elisabeth Fevang, Knut Røed, Henning Øien
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17219
Closing the Gender Gap: Promoting Labour Market Participation
Jorgen M. Harris, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17210
Parental Leave: Economic Incentives and Cultural Change
James Albrecht, Per-Anders Edin, Raquel Fernández, Jiwon Lee, Peter Skogman Thoursie, Susan Vroman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17204
Quality and Accountability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Healthcare in Low- And Middle-Income Countries (LMIC): A Simulated Patient Study Using ChatGPT
Yafei Si, Yuyi Yang, Xi Wang, Ruopeng An, Jiaqi Zu, Xi Chen, Xiaojing Fan, Sen Gong
published as 'Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Simulated Patient Study' in: Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2024, 26, e56121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17197
The Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions on Long-Term Care: Evidence on Prices
Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Mia Teschner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17197
The Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions on Long-Term Care: Evidence on Prices
Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Mia Teschner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17181
Unlocking Potential: Childcare Services and Refugees' Integration, Employment and Well-Being
Ludovica Gambaro, Mathias Huebener, Sophia Schmitz, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17159
Biological Age and Predicting Future Health Care Utilisation
Apostolos Davillas, Andrew M. Jones
revised version forthcoming in: Journal of Health Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17143
How Important Are Mental and Physical Health in Career and Family Choices?
Guido Cozzi, Noemi Mantovan, Robert M. Sauer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17109
Reducing the Child Penalty by Incentivizing Maternal Part-Time Work?
Laurenz Baertsch, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17094
Comprehensive Assessment of the Impact of Mandatory Community-Based Health Insurance in Burkina Faso
Delphine Boutin, Laurene Petifour, Yvonne Allard, Souleymane Kontoubré, Valéry Ridde
published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2025, 371, 117870
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17063
The Gender Pay Gap at the Early Stages of Academic Careers
Iga Magda, Jacek Bieliński, Marzena Feldy, Anna Knapińska
published online in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 27 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17046
Machine Learning and Multiple Abortions
Pradeep Kumar, Catia Nicodemo, Sonia Oreffice, Climent Quintana-Domeque
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17023
Heterogeneity in the Persistence of Health: Evidence from a Monthly Micro Panel
Stephen Hoskins, David W. Johnston, Johannes S. Kunz, Michael A. Shields, Kevin E. Staub
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16997
Children's Residential Proximity, Spousal Presence and Dementia Risk
Zhuoer Lin, Xuecheng Yin, Becca R. Levy, Yue Yuan, Xi Chen
published as 'Association of Children's Residential Proximity and Spousal Presence with Lower Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment' in: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2024, 32 (10), 1187-1199
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16985
Navigating Educational Disruptions: The Gender Divide in Parental Involvement and Children's Learning Outcomes
Matías Ciaschi, Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez, Mariana Viollaz
published online in: Review of Economics of the Household, 08 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16978
The Design of Insurance Contracts for Home versus Nursing Home Long-Term Care
Claire Borsenberger, Helmuth Cremer, Denis Joram, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur, Estelle Malavolti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16978
The Design of Insurance Contracts for Home versus Nursing Home Long-Term Care
Claire Borsenberger, Helmuth Cremer, Denis Joram, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur, Estelle Malavolti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16978
The Design of Insurance Contracts for Home versus Nursing Home Long-Term Care
Claire Borsenberger, Helmuth Cremer, Denis Joram, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur, Estelle Malavolti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16973
The Economic Consequences of Being Widowed by War: A Life-Cycle Perspective
Sebastian Till Braun, Jan Stuhler
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 16973
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16955
Are Parents an Obstacle to Gender-Atypical Occupational Choices?
Stefan C. Wolter, Thea Zöllner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16943
Loopholes and the Incidence of Public Services: Evidence from Funding Career & Technical Education
Thomas Goldring, Brian A. Jacob, Daniel Kreisman, Michael D. Ricks
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16915
Application Barriers and the Socioeconomic Gap in Child Care Enrollment
Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
published online in: Journal of the European Economic Association, jvae054, 20 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16902
Equitable Use of Subsidized Child Care in Georgia
Thomas Goldring, David C. Ribar
published in: Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2025, 70 , 65-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16902
Equitable Use of Subsidized Child Care in Georgia
Thomas Goldring, David C. Ribar
published in: Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2025, 70 , 65-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16897
The Effects of Patient Cost-Sharing on Adolescents' Healthcare Utilization and Financial Risk Protection: Evidence from South Korea
Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh, Wonjun Lyou
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2024, 62 (3), 1009-1023.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16896
The Gender Division of Work across Countries
Charles Gottlieb, Cheryl Doss, Douglas Gollin, Markus Poschke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16881
Daycare Enrollment Age and Child Development
Mette Gørtz, Vibeke Myrup Jensen, Sarah Sander
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16880
Access to Formal Childcare for Toddlers and Parental Employment and Earnings
Taiyo Fukai, Ayako Kondo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16880
Access to Formal Childcare for Toddlers and Parental Employment and Earnings
Taiyo Fukai, Ayako Kondo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16858
The Consequences of Miscarriage on Parental Investments
Aline Bütikofer, Deirdre Coy, Orla Doyle, Rita Ginja
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16838
Healthcare Quality and Dementia Risk
José M. Aravena, Xi Chen, Becca R. Levy
published as 'Association between experiencing low healthcare quality and developing dementia' in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2024, 72 (7), 2126-2132
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16829
Does Increasing Public Spending in Health Improve Health? Lessons from a Constitutional Reform in Brazil
Michel Szklo, Damian Clarke, Rudi Rocha
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16780
Socioeconomic Inequality in Life Expectancy: Perception and Policy Demand
Lasse J. Jessen, Sebastian Koehne, Patrick Nüß, Jens Ruhose
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16772
Nursing before and after COVID-19: Outflows, Inflows and Self-Employment
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16762
The Cost of Following Traditional Gender Norms: Evidence from a Paid Leave for Seriously Ill Children
Valentina Paredes, Francisca Perez, Francisco J. Pino, Patricia Olmedo Cortés
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16759
Does Information about Inequality and Discrimination in Early Child Care Affect Policy Preferences?
Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Fabian Mierisch, Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106780, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16749
The Effect of Migration on Careers of Natives: Evidence from Long-Term Care
Peter Haan, Izabela Wnuk
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16729
How Daycare Quality Shapes Norms around Daycare Use and Parental Employment: Experimental Evidence from Germany
Marie-Fleur Philipp, Silke Büchau, Pia S. Schober, Viktoria Werner, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16729
How Daycare Quality Shapes Norms around Daycare Use and Parental Employment: Experimental Evidence from Germany
Marie-Fleur Philipp, Silke Büchau, Pia S. Schober, Viktoria Werner, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16729
How Daycare Quality Shapes Norms around Daycare Use and Parental Employment: Experimental Evidence from Germany
Marie-Fleur Philipp, Silke Büchau, Pia S. Schober, Viktoria Werner, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16729
How Daycare Quality Shapes Norms around Daycare Use and Parental Employment: Experimental Evidence from Germany
Marie-Fleur Philipp, Silke Büchau, Pia S. Schober, Viktoria Werner, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16729
How Daycare Quality Shapes Norms around Daycare Use and Parental Employment: Experimental Evidence from Germany
Marie-Fleur Philipp, Silke Büchau, Pia S. Schober, Viktoria Werner, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16720
Trust and Health Care-Seeking Behavior
Michael E. Darden, Mario Macis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16708
Firms and Worker Health
Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham, Jonathan Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16689
Female Classmates, Disruption, and STEM Outcomes in Disadvantaged Schools: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment
Sofoklis Goulas, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16680
Healthcare Workers and Life Satisfaction during the Pandemic
Chiara Costi, Andrew E. Clark, Anthony Lepinteur, Conchita D'Ambrosio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16665
Accessing the Safety Net: How Medicaid Affects Health and Recidivism
Analisa Packham, David Slusky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16616
Foreign Nurses and Hospital Quality: Evidence from Brexit
Henrique Castro-Pires, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16615
The "Demise of the Caregiving Daughter"? Gender Employment Gaps and the Use of Formal and Informal Care in Europe
Eric Bonsang, Joan Costa-Font
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16615
The "Demise of the Caregiving Daughter"? Gender Employment Gaps and the Use of Formal and Informal Care in Europe
Eric Bonsang, Joan Costa-Font
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16615
The "Demise of the Caregiving Daughter"? Gender Employment Gaps and the Use of Formal and Informal Care in Europe
Eric Bonsang, Joan Costa-Font
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16615
The "Demise of the Caregiving Daughter"? Gender Employment Gaps and the Use of Formal and Informal Care in Europe
Eric Bonsang, Joan Costa-Font
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16607
Reaching for Gold! The Impact of a Positive Reputation Shock on Career Choice
Daniel Goller, Stefan C. Wolter
forthcoming in: European Economic Review, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16551
Impacts of Home-Care Subsidies: Evidence from Quasi-Random Assignment
Yuval Ofek-Shanny, Avner Strulov-Shlain, Dan Zeltzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16545
Occupational Differences in the Effects of Retirement on Hospitalizations for Mental Illness among Female Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data in China
Tianyu Wang, Ruochen Sun, Jody L. Sindelar, Xi Chen
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024 , 53, 101367
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16442
High-Quality Early-Childhood Education at Scale: Evidence from a Multisite Randomized Trial
William Dougan, Jorge Luis García, Illia Polovnikov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16433
Public Child Care and Mothers' Career Trajectories
Katrin Huber, Geske Rolvering
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16433
Public Child Care and Mothers' Career Trajectories
Katrin Huber, Geske Rolvering
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16433
Public Child Care and Mothers' Career Trajectories
Katrin Huber, Geske Rolvering
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16411
The Growing Gap of Unmet Need: Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in 31 Countries
Yuting Qian, Shanquan Chen, Zhuoer Lin, Zexuan Yu, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaohui Hou, Xi Chen
also available as 'Silver Opportunity : Case Studies - The Growing Gap of Unmet Need : Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in Thirty-One Countries', World Bank Report, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16388
Gender Identity, Race, and Ethnicity-Based Discrimination in Access to Mental Health Care: Evidence from an Audit Correspondence Field Experiment
Luca Fumarco, Benjamin Harrell, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, E Dils
revised version published in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 10 (2), 182–214
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