IZA Discussion Papers | IZA - Institute of Labor Economics

The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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156 IZA Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12875

Priority to Unemployed Immigrants? A Causal Machine Learning Evaluation of Training in Belgium

Bart Cockx, Michael Lechner, Joost Bollens

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 80, 102306

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12875

Priority to Unemployed Immigrants? A Causal Machine Learning Evaluation of Training in Belgium

Bart Cockx, Michael Lechner, Joost Bollens

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 80, 102306

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12862

Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: First Evidence from Longitudinal Data

Simon Amez, Suncica Vujic, Lieven De Marez, Stijn Baert

revised version published in: New Media & Society, 2023, 25(3), 584-608.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12766

A New Strategy to Identify Causal Relationships: Estimating a Binding Average Treatment Effect

Tirthatanmoy Das, Solomon Polachek

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12723

Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: A Literature Review

Simon Amez, Stijn Baert

revised version published in: International Journal of Educational Research, 2020, 103, 10161

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12572

Learning Management through Matching: A Field Experiment Using Mechanism Design

Girum Abebe, Marcel Fafchamps, Michael Koelle, Simon Quinn

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12526

Does the Estimation of the Propensity Score by Machine Learning Improve Matching Estimation? The Case of Germany's Programmes for Long Term Unemployed

Daniel Goller, Michael Lechner, Andreas Moczall, Joachim Wolff

published in: Labour Economics, 2020, 65, 101855

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12205

Breaking Ties: Regression Discontinuity Design Meets Market Design

Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Joshua Angrist, Yusuke Narita, Parag A. Pathak

published in: Econometrica, 2022, 90 (1), 117–151

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12146

Universal Childcare for the Youngest and the Maternal Labour Supply

Astrid Kunze, Xingfei Liu

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12101

Labor Market Discrimination and the Macroeconomy

Muhammad Asali, Rusudan Gurashvili

revised version published in: Economics of Transition & Institutional Change, 2020, 28 (3), 515-533.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12040

Modified Causal Forests for Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effects

Michael Lechner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12040

Modified Causal Forests for Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effects

Michael Lechner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12039

Machine Learning Estimation of Heterogeneous Causal Effects: Empirical Monte Carlo Evidence

Michael C. Knaus, Michael Lechner, Anthony Strittmatter

published in: Econometrics Journal, 2021, 24 (1), 134-161

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12039

Machine Learning Estimation of Heterogeneous Causal Effects: Empirical Monte Carlo Evidence

Michael C. Knaus, Michael Lechner, Anthony Strittmatter

published in: Econometrics Journal, 2021, 24 (1), 134-161

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11987

The Returns to Parental Health: Evidence from Indonesia

Dara Lee Luca, David E. Bloom

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11943

Health and the Wage Rate: Cause, Effect, Both, or Neither? New Evidence on an Old Question

Daniel Dench, Michael Grossman

published in: Health and Labor Markets, Research in Labor Economics, 2019, 27, 1-47

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11917

The Causal Effect of Trust

Björn Bartling, Ernst Fehr, David B. Huffman, Nick Netzer

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11796

Methods Matter: P-Hacking and Causal Inference in Economics

Abel Brodeur, Nikolai Cook, Anthony Heyes

published as 'Methods Matter: P-Hacking and Publication Bias in Causal Analysis in Economics' in: American Economic Review, 2020, 110 (11), 3634-3660

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11654

My Choice: Female Contraceptive Use Autonomy in Bangladesh

Niels-Hugo Blunch

published in: Feminist Economicy, 2019, 25 (4), 68-93

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11626

Identification of Causal Mechanisms Based on Between-Subject Double Randomization Designs

Conny Wunsch, Renate Strobl

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11455

Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: Correlation or Causal Relationship?

Stijn Baert, Suncica Vujic, Simon Amez, Matteo Claeskens, Thomas Daman, Arno Maeckelberghe, Eddy Omey, Lieven De Marez

revised version published in: Kyklos, 2020, 73 (1), 22 - 46.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11353

The Causal Effect of Education on Chronic Health Conditions

Katharina Janke, David W. Johnston, Carol Propper, Michael A. Shields

published as 'The causal effect of education on chronic health conditions in the UK' in: Journal of Health Economics, 2020, 70, 102252

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11247

Nature of the Relationship between Minimum Wage and the Shadow Economy Size: An Empirical Analysis for the Case of Romania

Adriana Anamaria Davidescu, Friedrich Schneider

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11234

Long-Term Effects of Childhood Nutrition: Evidence from a School Lunch Reform

Jesper Alex-Petersen, Petter Lundborg, Dan-Olof Rooth

published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2022, 89 (2), 876-908

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11138

Including Covariates in the Regression Discontinuity Design

Markus Frölich, Martin Huber

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10918

Social Insurance and Health

Nicolas R. Ziebarth

short version published as 'Social Insurance and Health' in: Baltagi, B. H. and Moscone, F. (eds.), Health Econometrics, Emerald Publishing, 1st ed., 2018.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10757

Fertility Effects of Child Benefits

Regina T. Riphahn, Frederik Wiynck

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2017, 30, 1135 - 1184

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10677

The Long-Run Impact of Childhood Poverty and the Mediating Role of Education

Luna Bellani, Michela Bia

revised version published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, 2019, 182 (1), 37-68

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10673

Is the Gender Pay Gap in the US Just the Result of Gender Segregation at Work?

Katie Meara, Francesco Pastore, Allan Webster

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10562

Challenges in Research on Preferences and Personality Traits: Measurement, Stability, and Inference

Bart H.H. Golsteyn, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch

published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2017, 60, 1-6.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10529

The Intergenerational Causal Effect of Tax Evasion: Evidence from the Commuter Tax Allowance in Austria

Wolfgang Frimmel, Martin Halla, Jörg Paetzold

revised version published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2019, 17 (6), 1843-1880,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10137

Education, Cognitive Ability and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Structural Approach

Govert Bijwaard, Mikko Myrskylä, Per Tynelius, Finn Rasmussen

published in: Population Studies, 2019, 73, 217-232

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10108

Viewpoint: Estimating the Causal Effects of Policies and Programs

Jeffrey A. Smith, Arthur Sweetman

published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2016, 49 (3), 871–905.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10013

Pension Incentives and the Retirement Decisions of Couples

Kadir Atalay, Garry F. Barrett

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2019, 32 (3), 735 - 767

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9988

Big Data Is a Big Deal But How Much Data Do We Need?

Nikos Askitas

published in: AStA Wirtschafts - und Sozialstatistisches Archiv, 2016, 10, 113 - 125

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9957

Returns to Education: The Causal Effects of Education on Earnings, Health and Smoking

James J. Heckman, John Eric Humphries, Gregory Veramendi

published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2018, 126, (S1), S197–S246

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9369

The Relationship between Health and Schooling: What's New?

Michael Grossman

published in: Nordic Journal of Health Economics, 2015, 3 (1), 7 -17

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9138

Direct and Indirect Effects of Training Vouchers for the Unemployed

Martin Huber, Michael Lechner, Anthony Strittmatter

published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society), 2018, 181 (3), 441-463 (

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9138

Direct and Indirect Effects of Training Vouchers for the Unemployed

Martin Huber, Michael Lechner, Anthony Strittmatter

published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society), 2018, 181 (3), 441-463 (

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8937

Evidence of Added Worker Effect from the 2008 Economic Crisis

Sinem H. Ayhan

revised version published as 'Married women's added worker effect during the 2008 economic crisis - The case of Turkey' in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2018, 16 (3), 767 - 790

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8758

Robust Confidence Intervals for Average Treatment Effects under Limited Overlap

Christoph Rothe

published in: Econometrica; 2017, 85 (2), 645 - 660

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8665

Two-way Causation in Life Satisfaction Research: Structural Equation Models with Granger-Causation

Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels

published in: Social Indicators Research, 2016, 129, 937 - 960

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8665

Two-way Causation in Life Satisfaction Research: Structural Equation Models with Granger-Causation

Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels

published in: Social Indicators Research, 2016, 129, 937 - 960