The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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242 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11354
City Size, Pollution and Emission Policies
Michael P. Pflüger
published in: Journal of Urban Economics 2021, 126, 103391
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11321
Perceived Wages and the Gender Gap in STEM Fields
Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11275
Insurance, Redistribution, and the Inequality of Lifetime Income
Peter Haan, Daniel Kemptner, Victoria L. Prowse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11197
Why Do French Engineers Find Stable Jobs Faster than PhDs?
David N. Margolis, Luis Miotti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11180
Can Regional Decentralisation Shift Health Care Preferences?
Joan Costa-Font, Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell
published as 'Does Devolution Influence the Choice and Quality of Public (vs Private) Health Care?' in: Journal of Economic Behaviour & Organisation, 2022, 202, 632-653
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10996
Up in STEM, Down in Business: Changing College Major Decisions with the Great Recession
Shimeng Liu, Weizeng Sun, John V. Winters
published in: Contemporary Economic Policy, 2019, 37(3), 476-491
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10987
What Determines Preferences for an Electoral System? Evidence from a Binding Referendum
Guillem Riambau, Steven Stillman, Geua Boe-Gibson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10947
Choice of Majors: Are Women Really Different from Men?
Adriana Kugler, Catherine H. Tinsley, Olga Ukhaneva
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2021, 81, 102079
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10840
Pension Rules and Labour Market Mobility
Marloes Lammers, Hans Bloemen, Stefan Hochguertel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10788
Women in the Workplace and Management Practices: Theory and Evidence
Takao Kato, Naomi Kodama
published in: Susan L. Averett, Laura M. Argys and Saul D. Hoffman (eds.), Oxford Handbook on the Economics of Women, New York: OUP, 2018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10743
Foreign Peer Effects and STEM Major Choice
Massimo Anelli, Kevin Y. Shih, Kevin Williams
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10737
HRM and Small-Firm Employee Motivation: Before and after the Recession
Alex Bryson, Michael White
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2019, 72, 3: 749-773
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10725
Supervisors and Performance Management Systems
Anders Frederiksen, Lisa B. Kahn, Fabian Lange
published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2020, 128 (6), 2123-2187
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10688
Self-Employment Differentials among Foreign-Born STEM and Non-STEM Workers
Zhengyu Cai, John V. Winters
published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2017, 32 (4), 371-384
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10383
The Impact of Quality Rating and Improvement Systems on Families' Child Care Choices and the Supply of Child Care Labor
Chris M. Herbst
published in: Economics, 2018, 54, 172- 190
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10273
Comparative Advantage and Agglomeration of Economic Activity
Michael P. Pflüger, Takatoshi Tabuchi
published in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2019, 109, 1-13
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10263
Do Youth Employment Programs Improve Labor Market Outcomes? A Systematic Review
Jochen Kluve, Olga Susana Puerto, David A. Robalino, Jose M. Romero, Friederike Rother, Jonathan Stöterau, Felix Weidenkaff, Marc J. Witte
published as 'Do youth employment programs improve labor market outcomes? A quantitative review' in: World Development, 2019, 114, 237 - 253
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10052
Like Father, Like Daughter (Unless There Is a Son): Sibling Sex Composition and Women's STEM Major Choice in College
Umut Oguzoglu, Serkan Ozbeklik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10000
The Scandinavian Fantasy: The Sources of Intergenerational Mobility in Denmark and the U.S.
Rasmus Landersø, James J. Heckman
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2017, 119 (1), 178 - 230
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9920
Do Foreigners Crowd Natives out of STEM Degrees and Occupations? Evidence from the U.S. Immigration Act of 1990
Tyler Ransom, John V. Winters
published in: ILR Review, 2021, 74 (2), 321–351
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9690
When Does HRM 'Work' in Small British Enterprises?
Michael White, Alex Bryson
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2019, 72 (3), 749-773
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9655
Consumption Smoothing in the Demand for Health Care
Nicolai Kristensen, Henrik Lindegaard Andersen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9618
Fiscal Sustainability and Demographic Change: A Micro Approach for 27 EU Countries
Mathias Dolls, Karina Doorley, Alari Paulus, Hilmar Schneider, Sebastian Siegloch, Eric Sommer
published in: International Tax and Public Finance, 2017, 24 (4), 575-615
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9570
Predicting the Irish "Gay Marriage" Referendum
Nikos Askitas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9569
Calling the Greek Referendum on the Nose with Google Trends
Nikos Askitas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9542
Ability Drain
Maurice Schiff
published as 'Ability drain: size, impact, and comparison with brain drain under alternative immigration policies' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2017, 30, 1337- 1354
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9542
Ability Drain
Maurice Schiff
published as 'Ability drain: size, impact, and comparison with brain drain under alternative immigration policies' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2017, 30, 1337- 1354
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9503
Predicting Road Conditions with Internet Search
Nikos Askitas
published in: PLoS ONE, 2016, 11 (8), e0162080
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9427
Trend-Spotting in the Housing Market
Nikos Askitas
published in: Cityscape - A Journal of Policy Development and Research, 2016, 18 (3), 185-198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9426
Brain Types and Wages
Nick Drydakis
published in: Manchester School, 2017, 85 (2), 183 - 211
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9415
Are Sociocultural Factors Important for Studying a Science University Major?
Volker Grossmann, Aderonke Osikominu, Marius Osterfeld
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2020, 72 (2), 374-369
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9239
Does ICT Investment Spur or Hamper Offshoring? Empirical Evidence from Microdata
Luigi Benfratello, Tiziano Razzolini, Alessandro Sembenelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9167
Investment over the Business Cycle: Insights from College Major Choice
Erica Blom, Brian C. Cadena, Benjamin J. Keys
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2021, 39 (4), 1043–1082
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9131
"A Flop or a Success?" An Evaluation of the Welfare Impacts of the 6-3-3-4 Education System in Nigeria
Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9104
Green Cities? Urbanization, Trade and the Environment
Rainald Borck, Michael P. Pflüger
published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2019, 59:4, 743-766
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9082
Is Ability Tracking (Really) Responsible for Educational Inequalities in Achievement? A Comparison between the Country States Bavaria and Hesse in Germany
Hartmut Esser, Ilona Relikowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9020
The Pan-European Population Distribution Across Consistently Defined Functional Urban Areas
Kurt Schmidheiny, Jens Suedekum
published in: Economics Letters, 2015, 133, 10-13
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8983
The Effects of a High School Curriculum Reform on University Enrollment and the Choice of College Major
Katja Görlitz, Christina Gravert
published in: Education Economics, 2018, 26 (3), 321-336
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8949
Tax and Transfer Policies and the Female Labor Supply in the EU
Klara Kaliskova
published in: Empirical Economics, 2020, 58, 749 -775
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8913
The Earnings and Employment Losses Before Entering the Disability System
María Cervini-Plá, Judit Vall Castello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8875
The Effect of Georgia's HOPE Scholarship on College Major: A Focus on STEM
David L. Sjoquist, John V. Winters
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 4:15
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8702
Paying for Others' Protection: Causal Evidence on Wages in a Two-Tier System
Mario Centeno, Alvaro A. Novo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8682
New Directions in Immigration Policy: Canada's Evolving Approach to the Selection of Economic Immigrants
Ana Ferrer, Garnett Picot, W. Craig Riddell
published in: International Migration Review, 2014, 48 (3), 846-867
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8652
The Continued Search for the Solow Residual: The Role of National Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Zoltan J. Acs, Saul Estrin, Tomasz Mickiewicz, László Szerb
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8575
Foreign and Native-Born STEM Graduates and Innovation Intensity in the United States
John V. Winters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8553
Documentation IZAΨMOD v3.0: The IZA Policy Simulation Model
Max Löffler, Andreas Peichl, Nico Pestel, Sebastian Siegloch, Eric Sommer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8545
Evidence and Persistence of Education Inequality in an Early-Tracking System: The German Case
Annabelle Krause-Pilatus, Simone Schüller
published in: Scuola Democratica, 2014, 2
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8419
Minimum Wage Systems and Earnings Inequalities: Does Institutional Diversity Matter?
Andrea Garnero, Stephan Kampelmann, François Rycx
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2015, 21 (2), 115-130
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8193
Do Interventions Targeted at Micro-Entrepreneurs and Small and Medium-Sized Firms Create Jobs? A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Low and Middle Income Countries
Michael Grimm, Anna Luisa Paffhausen
published in: Labour Economics, 2015, 32, 67-85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8109
Crime and Self-Control Revisited: Disentangling the Effect of Self-Control on Risk and Social Preferences
Tim Friehe, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
published in: International Review of Law and Economics, 2017, 49, 23–32.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7955
Brain Drain, Educational Quality and Immigration Policy: Impact on Productive Human Capital in Source and Host Countries, with Canada as a Case Study
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7955
Brain Drain, Educational Quality and Immigration Policy: Impact on Productive Human Capital in Source and Host Countries, with Canada as a Case Study
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7955
Brain Drain, Educational Quality and Immigration Policy: Impact on Productive Human Capital in Source and Host Countries, with Canada as a Case Study
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7830
STEM Graduates, Human Capital Externalities, and Wages in the U.S.
John V. Winters
published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2014, 48, 190-198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7821
Asset Stripping, Rule of Law and Firm Survival: The Hoff-Stiglitz Model and Mass Privatization in Montenegro
Matjaž Koman, Milan Lakičević, Janez Prašnikar, Jan Svejnar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7819
Understanding Chinese Consumption: The Impact of Hukou
Christian Dreger, Tongsan Wang, Yanqun Zhang
publlished in: Development and Change, 2015, 46 (6), 1331 -1344
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7606
Growing out of the Crisis: Hidden Assets to Greece's Transition to an Innovation Economy
Benedikt Herrmann, Alexander S. Kritikos
published in: IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2013, 2:14
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7562
The Preference for Larger Cities in China: Evidence from Rural-Urban Migrants
Chunbing Xing, Junfu Zhang
published in: China Economic Review, 2017, 43, 72-90
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7381
State Merit-Aid Programs and College Major: A Focus on STEM
David L. Sjoquist, John V. Winters
revised version published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 33 (4), 973-1006.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7367
Foreign Scientists and Engineers and Economic Growth in Canadian Labor Markets
Giovanni Peri, Kevin Y. Shih
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7351
Sharp Teeth or Empty Mouths? Revisiting the Minimum Wage Bite with Sectoral Data
Andrea Garnero, Stephan Kampelmann, François Rycx
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2015, 53(4), 760–788
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7287
Employment Effects of Low-Skilled Immigrants in Korea
Jungho Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7269
How Sensitive Are Individual Retirement Expectations to Raising the Retirement Age?
Andries de Grip, Didier Fouarge, Raymond Montizaan
published in: De Economist, 2013, 161, 225–251
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7265
Does Everyone Use Probabilities? Intuitive and Rational Decisions about Stockholding
Johannes Binswanger, Martin Salm
revised version published as 'Does everyone use probabilities? The role of cognitive skills' in: European Economic Review, 2017, 98, 73-85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7227
University Differences in the Graduation of Minorities in STEM Fields: Evidence from California
Peter Arcidiacono, Esteban Aucejo, V. Joseph Hotz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7160
Measuring the Income-Distance Tradeoff for Rural-Urban Migrants in China
Junfu Zhang, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6915
Transcriptional Modulation of the Developing Immune System by Early Life Social Adversity
Steven W. Cole, Gabriella Conti, Jesusa M. Arevalo, Angela M. Ruggiero, James J. Heckman, Stephen J. Suomi
published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109(50), 20578-20583
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6810
The German Labor Market after the Great Recession: Successful Reforms and Future Challenges
Marco Caliendo, Jens Hogenacker
published in: IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2012, 1(3), 1-24
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6800
Global Pension Systems and Their Reform: Worldwide Drivers, Trends, and Challenges
Robert Holzmann
published in: International Social Security Review 2013, 66 (2), 1-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6739
In-Work Benefits for Married Couples: An Ex-Ante Evaluation of EITC and WTC Policies in Italy
Giuseppe De Luca, Claudio Rossetti, Daniela Vuri
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2014, 3, 23 (2014)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6433
Skill Based Immigrant Selection and Labor Market Outcomes by Visa Category
Abdurrahman B. Aydemir
published in: Amelie F. Constant and Klaus F. Zimmermann (eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Migration, Edward Elgar 2013, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, USA, Chapter 23, 432-452
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6341
Estimating the Impacts of Bolivia's Protected Areas on Poverty
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Merlin M. Hanauer
revised version published in: World Development, 2013, 41, 265–285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6335
The Renminbi's Role in the Global Monetary System
Eswar Prasad, Lei (Sandy) Ye
published in: Proceedings of the 2011 Asia Economic Policy Conference, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2011, 127-197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6259
H-1Bs: How Do They Stack Up to US Born Workers?
Magnus Lofstrom, Joseph Hayes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6239
Excess Worker Turnover and Fixed-Term Contracts: Causal Evidence in a Two-Tier System
Mario Centeno, Alvaro A. Novo
published in: Labour Economics, 2012, 19 (3), 320-328
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6080
The Effects of the Recent Economic Crisis on Social Protection and Labour Market Arrangements across Socio-Economic Groups
Gaetano Basso, Mathias Dolls, Werner Eichhorst, Thomas Leoni, Andreas Peichl
published in: Intereconomics, 2012, 47 (4), 217-223.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5858
Longevity, Life-Cycle Behavior and Pension Reform
Peter Haan, Victoria L. Prowse
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2014, 178 (3), 582-601
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5717
The Welfare Impact of Price Changes on Household Welfare and Inequality 1999-2010
Jason Loughrey, Cathal O'Donoghue
published in: Economic and Social Review, 2012, 43 (1), 31-66
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5384
Evaluation of the Underground Economy in Quebec: A Microeconomic Approach
Bernard Fortin, Guy Lacroix, Dominique Pinard
published in: International Economic Journal, 2010, 24 (4), 463-479
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5364
Der Aufstieg des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses in Deutschland – vom Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis zur Ölkrise 1973
Michael Jan Kendzia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5220
Distributional Consequences of Labor Demand Adjustments to a Downturn: A Model-Based Approach with Application to Germany 2008-09
Olivier B. Bargain, Herwig Immervoll, Andreas Peichl, Sebastian Siegloch
revised version published as 'Distributional consequences of labor-demand shocks: the 2008–2009 recession in Germany' in: International Tax and Public Finance, 2012, 19 (1), 118-138
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5191
Wage Subsidies, Work Incentives, and the Reform of the Austrian Welfare System
Viktor Steiner, Florian Wakolbinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5178
Social Spending Generosity and Income Inequality: A Dynamic Panel Approach
Judith Niehues
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5107
Herausbildung erster Wesenszüge des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses in Deutschland
Michael Jan Kendzia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5030
The State of Collective Bargaining and Worker Representation in Germany: The Erosion Continues
John T. Addison, Alex Bryson, Paulino Teixeira, André Pahnke, Lutz Bellmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5007
Quantifying Optimal Growth Policy
Volker Grossmann, Thomas M. Steger, Timo Trimborn
published in: Journal of Public Economic Theory, 2016, 18 (3), 451-485
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4966
Immigrant Selection and Short-Term Labour Market Outcomes by Visa Category
Abdurrahman B. Aydemir
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2011, 24 (2), 451-475
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4962
Der vormoderne Allokationsprozess von Arbeit in Deutschland
Toni Pierenkemper, Michael Jan Kendzia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4865
Documentation IZAΨMOD: The IZA Policy SImulation MODel
Andreas Peichl, Hilmar Schneider, Sebastian Siegloch
see also IZAΨMOD for more information
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4710
Screening, Competition, and Job Design: Economic Origins of Good Jobs
Björn Bartling, Ernst Fehr, Klaus M. Schmidt
published in: American Economic Review, 2012, 102 (2), 834-864
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4680
Policies to Create and Destroy Human Capital in Europe
James J. Heckman, Bas Jacobs
published in: Hans-Werner Sinn and Edmund Phelps (eds.), Perspectives on the Performance of the Continental Economies, MIT Press, 2011, 253-322
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4665
Income Support Systems, Labor Market Policies and Labor Supply: The German Experience
Marco Caliendo
substantially revised and extended version available as IZA DP No. 6810
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4658
Electoral Rules, Political Competition and Fiscal Expenditures: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Brazilian Municipalities
Marcos Chamon, João M. P. de Mello, Sergio Firpo
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2019, 55 (1),19-38
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4637
On the Origin of the Family
Marco Francesconi, Christian Ghiglino, Motty Perry
revised version published as 'An Evolutionary Theory of Monogamy' in: Journal of Economic Theory, 2016, 166, 605-628
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4587
Adverse Workplace Conditions, High-Involvement Work Practices and Labor Turnover: Evidence from Danish Linked Employer-Employee Data
Elena Cottini, Takao Kato, Niels C. Westergård-Nielsen
published in: Labour Economics, 2011, 18 (6), 872-880
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4587
Adverse Workplace Conditions, High-Involvement Work Practices and Labor Turnover: Evidence from Danish Linked Employer-Employee Data
Elena Cottini, Takao Kato, Niels C. Westergård-Nielsen
published in: Labour Economics, 2011, 18 (6), 872-880
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4520
The Redistributive Effects of Tax Benefit Systems in the Enlarged EU
Clemens Fuest, Judith Niehues, Andreas Peichl
revised version published in: Public Finance Review, 2010, 38 (4), 473-500
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4479
Eliciting Individual Preferences for Pension Reform
Yosr Abid Fourati, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4428
Estimating Employment Dynamics across Occupations and Sectors of Industry
Frank Cörvers, Arnaud Dupuy
published in: Journal of Macroeconomics, 2010, 32, 17-32
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4424
Modelling Charitable Donations to an Unexpected Natural Disaster: Evidence from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Sarah Brown, Mark N. Harris, Karl Taylor
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2012, 84 (1), 97-110
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