The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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2,001 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18291
Revisiting Occupational Segregation and the Valuation of Women’s Work
Hannah Liepmann, Ariane Hegewisch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18287
The Effects of Wealth Shocks on Public and Private Long-Term Care Insurance
Joan Costa-Font, Richard Frank, Nilesh Raut
published online in: Journal of Health Economics, 26 November 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18281
An Economist’s Ode to the Forests and the Sea
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18272
Smart Skilling: Experimental Evidence on Vocational Training Design
Farzana Afridi, Tanu Gupta, Rachel Heath, Kanika Mahajan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18266
Direct Democracy and Political Extremism
Nicolas Schreiner, Alois Stutzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18259
Using the MVPF to Allocate Treatment Under Imperfect Compliance and Supply-Side Constraints
Antonio Dalla-Zuanna, Kai Liu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18257
Rating Government Procurement Markets
Tatyana Deryugina, Alminas Zaldokas, Anastassia Fedyk, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, James Hodson, Ilona Sologoub
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18256
Smoke Signals: Understanding Temporal Dynamics of Wildfire Exposure on Health and Education
Rubí Arrizaga, Damian Clarke, Pedro Cubillos, Cristóbal Ruiz-Tagle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18255
Healthy Self-Interest? Health Dependent Preferences for Fairer Health Care
Marcello Antonini, Joan Costa-Font
published in: Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organsiation, 28 November 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18253
Effects of Welfare Sanctions in Couple Households
Gerard J. van den Berg, Arne Uhlendorff, Markus Wolf, Joachim Wolff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18248
Expertise at Work: New Technologies, New Skills, and Worker Impacts
Anna Salomons, Cäcilia vom Baur, Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18247
Training or Retiring? How Labor Markets Adjust to Trade and Technology Shocks
Alexander Bertermann, Wolfgang Dauth, Jens Suedekum, Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18235
Workers’ Exposure to AI Across Development Stages
Piotr Lewandowski, Karol Madoń, Albert Park
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18227
Daily Recovery Experiences of Japanese Small Business Owners and the Link with Well-Being and Ill-Being
Roy Thurik, Masatoshi Kato, Peter van der Zwan, Chihiro Kageura
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18227
Daily Recovery Experiences of Japanese Small Business Owners and the Link with Well-Being and Ill-Being
Roy Thurik, Masatoshi Kato, Peter van der Zwan, Chihiro Kageura
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18225
Beliefs about Bots: How Employers Plan for AI in White-Collar Work
Eduard Brüll, Samuel Mäurer, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18224
How AI-Augmented Training Improves Worker Productivity
Didier Fouarge, Marie-Christine Fregin, Simon Janssen, Mark Levels, Raymond Montizaan, Pelin Özgül, Nicholas Rounding, Michael Stops
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18222
Does Local Diversity Affect Charitable Giving?
Baris Yörük
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18215
Bridging Language Barriers: The Impact of Large Language Models on Academic Writing
Burak Dalaman, Ali Furkan Kalay, Nathan Kettlewell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18200
The Role of Fairness Ideals in Coordination Failure and Success
Andrzej Baranski, Ernesto Reuben, Arno Riedl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18191
The Moderating Role of Job Autonomy in the Relationship between the Use of Performance Appraisals and Job Satisfaction
Christian Grund, Anna Nießen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18186
Worker Beliefs about Firm Training
Hanna Brosch, Philipp Lergetporer, Florian Schoner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18181
Performance Pay and Happiness: Work vs. Home?
Mehrzad B. Baktash, John S. Heywood, Uwe Jirjahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18165
Hotter Days, Wider Gap: The Distributional Impact of Heat on Student Achievement
Mika Akesaka, Hitoshi Shigeoka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18159
Shaping Future Success: Evidence from an Early Childhood Human Capital Formation Intervention
Deepak Saraswat, Shwetlena Sabarwal, Lindsey Lacey, Natasha Jha, Nishith Prakash, Rachel Cohen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18157
Refugee Exposure and Political Backlash: Poland during the Russia-Ukraine War
Joanna Clifton-Sprigg, Ines Homburg, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18154
Air Quality and Conferences’ Engagement
Ludovica Gazze, Tanu Gupta, Allen (Weiyi) Huang, Valentina Londono, Santiago Saavedra, Mattie Toma
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18153
Beyond Collective Agreements: The Rise of the Wage Cushion in Germany
André Rieder, Claus Schnabel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18149
Public Payment Mandates and Provider Supply
Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, Yu-Ting Huang, Olanrewaju Yusuff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18148
The Impact of Neighbour, Colleague, and Family Peers on Parental Labour Supply
Jordy Meekes, Max van Lent
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18143
AI Business Applications Training and Business Outcomes: An Inclusive Intervention for Underrepresented Entrepreneurs
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18143
AI Business Applications Training and Business Outcomes: An Inclusive Intervention for Underrepresented Entrepreneurs
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18141
Gender Identity Norms, Mental Health, and Relationship Strain
David W. Johnston, Rachel Knott, Nidhiya Menon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18138
The Formation of AI Capital in Higher Education: Enhancing Students’ Academic Performance and Employment Rates
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18138
The Formation of AI Capital in Higher Education: Enhancing Students’ Academic Performance and Employment Rates
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18134
Vocational Education, Earnings and Job Satisfaction in Europe
Seamus McGuinness, Lorcan Kelly, Anne Devlin, Adele Whelan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18124
Citizen Training and the Urban Waste Footprint
Swati Dhingra, Fjolla Kondirolli, Stephen Machin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18122
Social Risk, Fairness Types, and Redistribution
Stefania Bortolotti, Felix Kölle, Ivan Soraperra, Matthias Sutter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18121
No Payoff from Time Off? Mandated Paid Vacation and Late-Career Employment
Simon Bensnes, Øystein Hernaes, Max-Emil M. King
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18118
Early Effects of Cognitive-Impairment Friendly Community on Health Care Utilization in China: Evidence from Administrative Data
Jingyi Ai, Xi Chen, Jin Feng, Yufei Xie
published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2025, 385, 118570
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18117
Investing in Human Capital During Wartime: Experimental Evidence from Ukraine
Lelys Dinarte Diaz, James Gresham, Renata Lemos, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Rony Rodriguez-Ramirez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18115
Strategic Responses to Disparities in Spousal Desired Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Rural Tanzania
Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Aine Seitz McCarthy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18110
Economics for a Safe Operating Space: A Green-Growth-Degrowth Model
Thomas Gries, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18096
Unfair Chances and Labor Supply
Nickolas Gagnon, Kristof Bosmans, Arno Riedl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18095
A Taste of Communists’ Own Medicine: The Political Consequences of Land Reforms in Japan and Taiwan
Daniel Minghan Chiang, Elliott Fan, Dexter Hsu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18095
A Taste of Communists’ Own Medicine: The Political Consequences of Land Reforms in Japan and Taiwan
Daniel Minghan Chiang, Elliott Fan, Dexter Hsu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18090
The Hidden Toll of Airborne Lead: Infant Mortality Impacts of Industrial Lead Pollution
Karen Clay, Edson Severnini, Xiao Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18086
Adolescent Core Self-Evaluation and Adult Interpersonal Trust: Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study
Anna Adamecz, Hubert János Kiss
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18064
Orchestrating Success: Music Proficiency, Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health in Young Adulthood
Lucia Mangiavacchi, Luca Piccoli, Giulia Gambardella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18062
The Behavioral Signature of GenAI in Scientific Communication
Nikos Askitas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18061
Workforce Development in the US: Recent Trends and Evidence
Harry J. Holzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18057
Beyond Income: Understanding Preferences for Redistribution Among the Top 1%
Matías Strehl-Pessina, Marcelo Bergolo, Martin Leites
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18055
Generative AI in Higher Education: Evidence from an Elite College
Zara Contractor, Germán Reyes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18051
Contractual Minimum Wages and Collective Bargaining: Italian Evidence from Forty Years of Data
Bernardo Fanfani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18050
Soccer’s Record on the Road: The Effect of Late-Night Sporting Events on Fatal Car Crashes
James Flynn, Noah Meyers-Richter, Peter Nencka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18042
The Causal Impact of School-Meal Programmes on Children in Developed Economies: A Meta-Analysis
Sara Ayllón, Samuel Lado
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18019
When Managers Choose: Gender Disparities in Employer Training Provision
Marco Caliendo, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Katrin Huber, Harald Pfeifer, Arne Uhlendorff, Sophie Wagner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18017
Macroeconomic Expectations in a War
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Vittal Vasudevan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18017
Macroeconomic Expectations in a War
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Vittal Vasudevan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18008
Carbon Rollercoaster: A Historical Analysis of Decarbonization in the United States
Karen Clay, Akshaya Jha, Joshua Lewis, Edson Severnini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18004
Childcare as Infrastructure: The Impact of COVID-19 on Childcare and Gender Equity
Alicia Sasser Modestino, Zachary Finn, Jamie Ladge, Alisa Lincoln
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17998
The Impact of Family Policies on Maternal Health
Fabian T. Dehos, Marie Elina Paul, Wiebke Schäfer, Karolin Süß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17961
Blowin’ in the Wind: Smog and Suicidal Ideation among School-Age Children
Xin Zhang, Xi Chen, Hong Sun, Yuanjian Yang
published in: China Economic Review, 2025, 93, 102478
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17956
Sorting in the Marriage Market: A New Approach to Measuring Assortative Mating
Jeongwon Choi, Jinyoung Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17956
Sorting in the Marriage Market: A New Approach to Measuring Assortative Mating
Jeongwon Choi, Jinyoung Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17955
Renewable Energy Consumption and International Trade: Does Climate Policy Stringency Matter?
Ridha Nouira, Leila Ben Salem, Sami Saafi, Christophe Rault
revised version published in: Energy Policy, 2025, 206, 114728
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17941
Self-Selection into Health Professions
Alessandro Fedele, Mirco Tonin, Daniel Wiesen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17935
Which Macroeconomic News Matters for Price-Setting?
Lukas Hack, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17914
DACA’s Uncertain Path: How Policy Threats Reshape Economic and Social Gains for Recipients
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Chunbei Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17900
The Green Path: FDI’s Influence on Asia’s Sustainable Economic Growth
Anh Le Ngoc, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17882
Understanding Firm Dynamics with Daily Data
Lukas Hack, Davud Rostam-Afschar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17881
Do Financial Incentives for Training and Caseworker Meetings Enhance Re-Employment?
Tomi Kyyrä, Jouko Kullervo Verho
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17879
Improving First-Generation College Students’ Education and Employment Outcomes: Effects of a Targeted Scholarship Program
Gopinath Annadurai, Soham Sahoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17841
Daniel Kahneman’s Underappreciated Last Published Paper: Empirical Implications for Benefit-Cost Analysis and a Chat Session Discussion with Bots
C. Monica Capra, Thomas J. Kniesner
published in: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2025, 71(1), 29-51
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17836
The Political Consequences of Controversial Education Reform: Lessons from Wisconsin’s Act 10
Barbara Biasi, Wayne Aaron Sandholtz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17819
The Fatal Consequences of Brain Drain
Samuel Dodini, Petter Lundborg, Katrine Vellesen Loken, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17807
Gender, Perceived Discrimination and the Overruling of Roe v. Wade
Núria Rodríguez-Planas, Alan Secor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17794
Climate Technology Entrepreneurship: A Primer
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17788
Are Elites Meritocratic and Efficiency-Seeking? Evidence from MBA Students
Marcel Preuss, Germán Reyes, Jason Somerville, Joy Wu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17786
The Effects of State Paid Sick Leave Mandates on Parental Childcare Time
J. Catherine Maclean, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2025, 103, 102033
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17772
The Impact of Raising the Minimum Legal Drinking Age on Academic Achievement and Risky Behaviour: A Difference-in-Discontinuities Approach
Luis Alonso-Armesto, Julio Cáceres-Delpiano, Warn N. Lekfuangfu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17753
Technological Change and the Upskilling of European Workers
Seamus McGuinness, Paul Redmond, Konstantinos Pouliakas, Lorcan Kelly, Luke Brosnan
revised version forthcoming in: Journal of Education and Work
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17746
Artificial Intelligence and Labor Market Transformations in Latin America
Pablo Egana-delSol, Claudio Bravo-Ortega
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17739
Macro-Economic Change and Household Financial Strain in Europe 2006-2022
Cathal O'Donoghue, Zeynep Gizem Can, Ana Montes-Viñas, Denisa M. Sologon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17736
High-Skilled Migration from Myanmar: Responses to Signals of Political and Economic Stabilization
Yashodhan Ghorpade, Muhammad Saad Imtiaz, Theingie Han
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17731
Closing the Mismatch: Encouraging Jobseekers to Reskill for Shortage Occupations
Elisabeth Leduc, Ilan Tojerow
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17727
Managing Skills in Organizations - Evidence from a Field Experiment
Leonhard Grabe, Dirk Sliwka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17717
Explaining Stagnation in the College Wage Premium
Leila Bengali, Robert G. Valletta, Cindy Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17712
The Causal Impact of Counsel at First Appearance: Evidence from Two Randomized Control Trials
George S Naufal, Bethany Patterson, Renee Danser, D. James Greiner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17710
What Happened When California Suspended Bail during COVID?
Deepak Premkumar, Andrew Skelton, Magnus Lofstrom, Sean Cremin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17708
The Role of Interpersonal Uncertainty in Prosocial Behavior
Anujit Chakraborty, Luca Henkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17708
The Role of Interpersonal Uncertainty in Prosocial Behavior
Anujit Chakraborty, Luca Henkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17708
The Role of Interpersonal Uncertainty in Prosocial Behavior
Anujit Chakraborty, Luca Henkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17694
Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parents' Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach
Simone Schüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17689
Guaranteed Employment in Rural India: Intra-Household Labor and Resource Allocation Consequences
Jorge Luis García
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17686
New Technologies and Employment: The State of the Art
Marco Vivarelli, Guillermo Arenas Díaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17680
American Workers' Experience with Socialism During the World Wars
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17676
Willingness to Compete in Dirty Competitions
Thomas Buser, Sahar Sangi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17672
Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success
Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Leonardo Iacovone, Hillary C. Johnson, David McKenzie, Mona Mensmann
forthcoming in: American Economic Review: Insights
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17670
Rigid Yet Resilient: Firms' Margins of Adjustment to Demand Shocks in Regulated Labour Markets
Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 94, 102706
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