The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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77 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17305
Financing Social Protection in OECD Countries: Role and Uses of Revenue Earmarking
Herwig Immervoll
forthcoming in: U. Gentilini (ed.), Scaling up: insights into the financing, political economy and delivery of social assistance (preliminary title), World Bank: Washington DC, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16833
Moving Out of the Comfort Zone: How Cultural Norms Affect Attitudes toward Immigration
Yvonne Giesing, Björn Kauder, Lukas Mergele, Niklas Potrafke, Panu Poutvaara
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16719
Convergence of Inequality Dimensions in China: Income, Consumption, and Wealth from 1988 to 2018
Haiyuan Wan, Björn Anders Gustafsson, Yingfei Wang
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2024, 70 (4), 1089-1115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16657
Echoes of the Past: The Enduring Impact of Communism on Contemporary Freedom of Speech Values
Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 227, 106739
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16643
Human Values and Selection into Supervisory Positions: Evidence from Nine European Countries
Mihails Hazans, Jaan Masso, Per Botolf Maurseth
revised version published online in International Journal of Manpower, 9 September 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16424
The Micro-Foundations of Employment Systems: An Empirical Case Study of Britain and France
Thomas Amossé, Alex Bryson, John Forth, Héloïse Petit
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2025, 63 (1), 3 - 29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16295
Weberian Civil Service and Labor Enforcement
Matías Dewey, Lucas Ronconi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15816
Children of Communism: The Former Party Membership and Demand for Redistribution
Alexander Libman, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Eastern European Economics, 2023, 61 (3), 199-237
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15152
A Tale of Parallel Processes of Gender (In-)Equality: How Big Is the Glass Ceilings for MENA Women?
Ömer Tuğsal Doruk, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14712
Double-Edged Sword: Persistent Effects of Communism on Life Satisfaction
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36(3), 1139–1185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14411
Calamities, Common Interests, Shared Identity: What Shapes Altruism and Reciprocity?
Cevat Giray Aksoy, Antonio Cabrales, Mathias Dolls, Ruben Durante, Lisa Windsteiger
revised version forthcoming in: Journal of Comparative Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14294
Working Beyond the Normal Retirement Age in Urban China and Urban Russia
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Ludmila Nivorozhkina, Haiyuan Wan
published in: IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 2021, 12 (1)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13662
An Economics-Based Rationale for the Rawlsian Social Welfare Program
Oded Stark
published in: Rodríguez, J.G. and Bishop, J.A. (eds), Inequality, Redistribution and Mobility, Bingley, 2020, 179-186
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13456
Trends in Absolute Income Mobility in North America and Europe
Robert Manduca, Maximilian Hell, Adrian Adermon, Jo Blanden, Espen Bratberg, Anne C. Gielen, Hans van Kippersluis, Keun Bok Lee, Stephen Machin, Martin D. Munk, Martin Nybom, Yuri Ostrovsky, Sumaiya Rahman, Outi Sirniö
published as 'Measuring Absolute Income Mobility: Lessons from North America and Europe' in: American Economic Journal - Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (2), 1 - 30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12883
All on Board? New Evidence on Board Gender Diversity from a Large Panel of Firms
Joanna Tyrowicz, Siri Terjesen, Jakub Mazurek
published in: European Management Journal, 2020, 38 (4), 634 - 645
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12679
Occupational Mobility in Europe: Extent, Determinants and Consequences
Ronald Bachmann, Peggy Bechara, Christina Vonnahme
published in: De Economist, 2020, 168(1), 79-108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12496
The Political Economy of a Northern Ireland Border Poll
Seamus McGuinness, Adele Bergin
published in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2020, 44 (4), 781 - 812
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12336
Types of Institutions and Well-Being of Self-Employed and Paid Employees in Europe
Michael Fritsch, Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich
revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 56, 877–901
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12212
Undoing Gender with Institutions: Lessons from the German Division and Reunification
Quentin Lippmann, Alexandre Georgieff, Claudia Senik
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (629), 1445 - 1470
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12100
Does Society Influence the Gender Gap in Risk Attitudes? Evidence from East and West Germany
Cornelia Chadi, Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2024, 113, 102311
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11740
Creative Differences? Measuring Creative Economy Employment in the US and UK Using Microdata
Tom Kemeny, Max Nathan, Dave O'Brien
published in: Regional Studies, 2020, 54 (3), 377-387
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11683
Testing
Annika B. Bergbauer, Eric A. Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (2), 349-388
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11517
Are Rushed Privatizations Substandard? Analyzing Firm-Level Privatization under Fiscal Pressure
Jan Hagemeier, Jan Svejnar, Joanna Tyrowicz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11250
Wage Inequality and Structural Change
Joanna Tyrowicz, Magdalena Smyk
published in Social Indicators Research, 2019, 141(2), 503-538
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11249
Labor Reallocation and Demographics
Joanna Tyrowicz, Lucas Van der Velde
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (1), 381-412
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11113
Collective Bargaining through the Magnifying Glass: A Comparison between the Netherlands and Portugal
Alexander Hijzen, Pedro S. Martins, Jante Parlevliet
published as 'Frontal assault versus incremental change: A comparison of collective bargaining in Portugal and the Netherlands' in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2019/0008
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11058
Informal Search, Bad Search? The Effects of Job Search Method on Wages among Rural Migrants in Urban China
Yuanyuan Chen, Le Wang, Min Zhang
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2018, 31 (3), 837-876
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10774
Sometimes Your Best Just Ain't Good Enough: The Worldwide Evidence on Well-Being Efficiency
Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
published in: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2021, 21(1), 83-114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10364
Gender Differences in Willingness to Compete: The Role of Culture and Institutions
Alison L. Booth, Elliott Fan, Xin Meng, Dandan Zhang
published in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129 (618), 734 - 764
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10000
The Scandinavian Fantasy: The Sources of Intergenerational Mobility in Denmark and the U.S.
Rasmus Landersø, James J. Heckman
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2017, 119 (1), 178 - 230
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9587
Collective Bargaining Systems and Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Flexibility: The Quest for Appropriate Institutional Forms in Advanced Economies
John T. Addison
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2016, 5: 19
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9333
Time-Varying Individual Risk Attitudes over the Great Recession: A Comparison of Germany and Ukraine
Thomas Dohmen, Hartmut Lehmann, Norberto Pignatti
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2016, 44 (1), 182-200
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9309
Want Freedom, Will Travel: Emigrant Self-Selection According to Institutional Quality
Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Andrew T. Young
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2016, 45, 71-84
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9065
The Inheritance of Educational Inequality among Young People in Developing Countries
Francesco Pastore, Federica Roccisano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7573
Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism
Ragui Assaad
published in: IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2014, 3:6
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7412
Are Worker-Managed Firms Really More Likely to Fail?
Gabriel Burdin
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2014, 67(1), 202-238
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7327
The Costs of Worker Displacement in Urban Labor Markets of China
Yuhao Ge, Hartmut Lehmann
puplished in: IZA Journal of Labor and Development, 2013, 2, Article 4
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7260
Is Germany the North Star of Labor Market Policy?
Ulf Rinne, Klaus F. Zimmermann
substantially revised version published in: IMF Economic Review, 2013, 61 (4), 702-729
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7132
Trade Liberalization, Democratization and Technology Adoption
Matteo Cervellati, Alireza Naghavi, Farid Toubal
published in: Journal of Economic Growth, 2018, 23 (2), 145-173
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7103
Estimating Returns to Education when the IV Sample is Selective
Le Wang
published in: Labour Economics, 2013, 21, 74-85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7074
Labour Turnover and the Spatial Distribution of Unemployment: A Panel Data Analysis Using Employment Registry Data
Francesco Pastore, Joanna Tyrowicz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6954
Is There a Southern-Sclerosis? Worker Reallocation and Regional Unemployment in Italy
Chiara Mussida, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6250
Another Economic Miracle? The German Labor Market and the Great Recession
Ulf Rinne, Klaus F. Zimmermann
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2012, 1:3, reprinted as 'Un altro miracolo economico? Il mercato del lavoro tedesco e la grande recessione' in: 'Diritto delle Relazioni Industriali , 2013, 23 (2), 401-423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6230
Job Separations and Informality in the Russian Labor Market
Hartmut Lehmann, Tiziano Razzolini, Anzelika Zaiceva
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2012, 34, 257-290
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6033
Educational Scores: How Does Russia Fare?
Chiara Amini, Simon Commander
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2012, 40 (3), 508 - 527
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5836
Did Growth and Reforms Increase Citizens' Support for the Transition?
Roberto Golinelli, Riccardo Rovelli
revised version published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2013, 30, 112-137
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5570
Trust in Public Institutions over the Business Cycle
Betsey Stevenson, Justin Wolfers
published in: American Economic Review, 2011, 101 (3), 281-287
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5415
The Costs of Job Loss in Russia
Hartmut Lehmann, Alexander Muravyev, Tiziano Razzolini, Anzelika Zaiceva
revised version published as 'The Wage and Non-wage Costs of Displacement in Boom Times: Evidence from Russia' in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2013, 41 (4), 1184-1201
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5383
Why Are Household Incomes More Unequally Distributed in China than in Russia?
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Shi Li, Ludmila Nivorozhkina
published in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2011, 35 (5), 897-920
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5281
Norms, Culture and Local Infrastructure: Evidence from a Decentralised Economy
Sarmistha Pal
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