The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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213 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17934
The Inequality and Mobility of Exposure to European Soviet Communism
Joan Costa-Font, Anna Nicinska, Melcior Rossello Roig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17872
Studying Economic Black Holes: Lessons from North Korea
Stephan Haggard, Kyoochul Kim, Munseob Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17680
American Workers' Experience with Socialism During the World Wars
John H. Pencavel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16833
Moving Out of the Comfort Zone: How Cultural Norms Affect Attitudes toward Immigration
Yvonne Giesing, Björn Kauder, Lukas Mergele, Niklas Potrafke, Panu Poutvaara
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16779
Can Voluntary Adult Education Reduce Unemployment? Causal Evidence from East Germany after Reunification
Li Kathrin Kaja Rupieper, Stephan L. Thomsen
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2025, 59, 2 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16657
Echoes of the Past: The Enduring Impact of Communism on Contemporary Freedom of Speech Values
Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 227, 106739
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16445
Risk Attitudes and Informal Employment in Ukraine
Thomas Dohmen, Melanie Khamis, Hartmut Lehmann, Norberto Pignatti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16421
Rainfall Variability and Labor Allocation in Uzbekistan: The Role of Women's Empowerment
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova, Nargiza Alimukhamedova
published in: Post-Soviet Affairs, 2024, 40 (2), 119–138
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16238
Maternity Benefits and Marital Stability after Birth: Evidence from the Soviet Baltic Republics
Elizabeth Brainerd, Olga Malkova
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36 (4), 2309-2345
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16159
Religion, Ideology and Fertility
Kazuhiro Kumo, Cristiano Perugini
published online as 'Religion, Gender Norms and Fertility in Muslim Post-Communist Economies' in: Post-Communist Economies, 15 December 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16052
Social Inclusion and Levels of Urbanisation: Does It Matter Where You Live?
Adele Whelan, Anne Devlin, Seamus McGuinness
revised version published as 'Barriers to social inclusion and levels of urbanisation: Does it matter where you live?' in: Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2024, 17 (1), 59 - 74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16017
Effects of Early Childhood Climate on Cognitive Development and Home Environment
Wenjie Wu, Yang Zhe, Jun Hyung Kim, Ai Yue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15606
A Glimpse of Freedom: Allied Occupation and Political Resistance in East Germany
Luis R. Martinez, Jonas Jessen, Guo Xu
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (1), 68-106
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15526
COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship Entry and Exit: Opportunity Amidst Adversity
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova, Milena Nikolova, Elena Tyurina
published in: Technology in Society, 2022, 71, 102093
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15123
Place-Based Policies and Agglomeration Economies: Firm-Level Evidence from Special Economic Zones in India
Holger Görg, Alina Mulyukova
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 165, 104752
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14924
The EU Anchor Thesis: Transition from Socialism, the Institutional Vacuum and Membership in the European Union
Nauro F. Campos
published in: Elodie Douarin and Oleh Havrylyshyn (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative Economics, Springer, 2021, 353–368
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14712
Double-Edged Sword: Persistent Effects of Communism on Life Satisfaction
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36(3), 1139–1185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14554
The Political Economy of Kazakhstan: A Case of Good Economics, Bad Politics?
Simon Commander, Ruta Prieskienyte
published in: Russian Journal of Economics, 2022, 8 (2), 122 - 158
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14458
Calling Baumol: What Telephones Can Tell Us about the Allocation of Entrepreneurial Talent in the Face of Radical Institutional Changes
Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich
revised version published in: Journal of Business Venturing, 2022, 37(5), 106246
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14149
Temporary Overpessimism: Job Loss Expectations Following a Large Negative Employment Shock
Julian Emmler, Bernd Fitzenberger
published in: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 2022, 30 (3), 621 - 661
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13760
The Crisis and Job Guarantees in Urban India
Swati Dhingra, Stephen Machin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13740
The Role of Unemployment and Job Change When Estimating the Returns to Migration
Julian Emmler, Bernd Fitzenberger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13358
The Bonding Effect of Deferred Compensation: Worker Separations from a Large Firm in Early Transition Russia
Mikhail Ananyev, Thomas Dohmen, Hartmut Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13103
Political Networks across the Globe
Simon Commander, Stavros Poupakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13039
Regional Convergence in Russia: Estimating a Neoclassical Growth Model
Hartmut Lehmann, Aleksey Oshchepkov, Maria Giulia Silvagni
revised version published as 'Regional Convergence in Russia: Estimating an Augmented Solow Model' in: Economic Systems, 2023, 47 (4), 101128
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13032
The Separation and Reunification of Germany: Rethinking a Natural Experiment Interpretation of the Enduring Effects of Communism
Sascha O. Becker, Lukas Mergele, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2020, 34 (2), 143-171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12984
Does Emigration Affect Pro-Environmental Behaviour Back Home? A Long-Term, Local-Level Perspective
Artjoms Ivlevs
published in: Kyklos, 2021, 74(1): 48-76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12874
The Wage Premium of Communist Party Membership: Evidence from China
Hongjian Wang, Plamen Nikolov, Kevin Acker
published in: Pacific Economic Review, 2020, 25 (3), 309 - 338
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12818
The Employment Effects of Ethnic Politics
Francesco Amodio, Giorgio Chiovelli, Sebastian Hohmann
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (2), 456–491
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12761
Former Communist Party Membership and Present-Day Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe
Artjoms Ivlevs, Milena Nikolova, Olga Popova
published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57 (4), 1783-1800
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12234
Out-Of-Partnership Births in East and West Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Cornelia Struewing
revised version by Uwe Jirjahn and Cornelia Chadi published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2020, 18 (3), 853-881
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12170
Labor Market Dynamics in Urban China and the Role of the State Sector
Shuaizhang Feng, Naijia Guo
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2021, 49 (4), 918-932
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12141
The Past and Future of Manufacturing in Central and Eastern Europe: Ready for Industry 4.0?
Wim Naudé, Aleksander Surdej, Martin Cameron
published as 'Ready for Industry 4.0? The Case of Central and Eastern Europe' in: Mohammad Dastbaz, Peter Cochrane (eds.), Industry 4.0 and Engineering for the Future, Springer International, 2019, 153-175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12046
The Race between Demand and Supply: Tinbergen's Pioneering Studies of Earnings Inequality
James J. Heckman
published in: De economist, 2019, 167, 243–258
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11883
Inequality, Reordering and Divergent Growth: Processes of Neighbourhood Change in Dutch Cities
Tal Modai-Snir, Maarten van Ham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11498
Political Connections and Firms: Network Dimensions
Maurizio Bussolo, Simon Commander, Stavros Poupakis
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2023, 75 (1), 256–280,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11332
Return Migration and Self-Employment: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Tilman Brück, Clotilde Mahe, Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11301
Job Market Outcomes of IDPs: The Case of Georgia
Karine Torosyan, Norberto Pignatti, Maksym Obrizan
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (3), 800-820
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11256
Informal Employment Relationships and the Labor Market: Is There Segmentation in Ukraine?
Hartmut Lehmann, Norberto Pignatti
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics 2018, 46 (3), 838-857
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11249
Labor Reallocation and Demographics
Joanna Tyrowicz, Lucas Van der Velde
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (1), 381-412
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11219
The Roles of Increasing Inequality and Divergent Urban Development in Understanding Spatial Polarization in Tel-Aviv
Tal Modai-Snir, Maarten van Ham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11133
Adverse Welfare Shocks and Pro-Environmental Behaviour: Evidence from the Global Economic Crisis
Artjoms Ivlevs
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2019, 65(2), 293-311
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11076
Income Increase and Moving to a Better Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into Ethnic Differences in Finland
Maria Vaalavuo, Maarten van Ham, Timo M. Kauppinen
published in: European Sociological Review, 2019, 35 (4), 538 - 551
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11058
Informal Search, Bad Search? The Effects of Job Search Method on Wages among Rural Migrants in Urban China
Yuanyuan Chen, Le Wang, Min Zhang
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2018, 31 (3), 837-876
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11056
Employment Discrimination in a Former Soviet Union Republic: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Muhammad Asali, Norberto Pignatti, Sophiko Skhirtladze
revised version published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2018, 46 (4), 1294-1309.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10980
Inequalities and Segregation across the Long-Term Economic Cycle: An Analysis of South and North European Cities
Tiit Tammaru, Szymon Marcińczak, Raivo Aunap, Maarten van Ham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10816
Industrial Espionage and Productivity
Albrecht Glitz, Erik Meyersson
published in: American Economic Review, 2020, 110 (4), 1055-1103
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10697
The Effects of Physical Restructuring on the Socioeconomic Status of Neighborhoods: Selective Migration and Upgrading
Merle Zwiers, Maarten van Ham, Reinout Kleinhans
published in: Urban Studies, 2019, 56 (8), 1647 - 1663
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10695
Structural and Exchange Components in Processes of Neighbourhood Change: A Social Mobility Approach
Tal Modai-Snir, Maarten van Ham
published in: Applied spatial analysis and policy, 2019, 12 (2), 423 - 443
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10440
Toothless Reforms? The Remarkable Stability of Female Labor Force Participation in a Top-Reforming Country
Norberto Pignatti, Karine Torosyan, Maka Chitanava
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