Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18512

Dirty Air, Dirty Play: The Effect of Air Pollution on Sabotage in Tournaments

Christian Grund, Michael Hirsch

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18491

Market Size Disparity Moderates Competitive Balance Interventions in US Sports Leagues

Kyle J Davis, Tyler Ransom, Christopher Black, Daniel Larson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18354

Why Is Competition in the European Football Market Failing, and What Should Be Done About It?

Magnus Henrekson, Lars Persson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18295

The Economic Footprint of Short-Term Rentals on Local Businesses: Evidence from Portugal

Ronize Cruz, Francisco Nobre, João Pereira dos Santos

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18071

Do Elite Universities Pick Sports to Pick Students? Athletic Admissions and SES Targeting

Ahmed El Fatmaoui, Tyler Ransom

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17718

Objective Calls Under the Spotlight: Referee Consistency and Behaviour on Football's Biggest Stage

David Butler, Robert Butler, Carl Singleton

published online in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2026, 27 (2), 171-213

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17512

Inequity Aversion in Subjective Evaluations: Evidence from Referees' Decisions in Soccer

Leo Morabito, Vincenzo Scoppa

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16963

Can Awareness Reduce (and Reverse) Identity-Driven Bias in Judgement? Evidence from International Cricket

Subhasish M Chowdhury, Sarah Jewell, Carl Singleton

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 226, 106697.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15953

Do International Tourist Arrivals Change Residents' Attitudes Towards Immigration? A Longitudinal Study of 28 European Countries

Artjoms Ivlevs, Ian Smith

published in: Tourism Economics, 2024, 30 (1), 104-131

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15861

American Indian Casinos and Native American Self-Identification

Francisca M. Antman, Brian Duncan

published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (6), 2547 - 2585

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15024

Which Former Professional Football Players Become Successful Professional Head Coaches?

Matteo Balliauw, Marco Verheuge, Stijn Baert

revised version published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2022, 30 (12), 1692–1695

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14433

Do Women Give Up Competing More Easily? Evidence from Speedcubers

Chao Fang, Ernest Zhang, Junfu Zhang

published in: Economics Letters, 2021, 205, 109943.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13595

Social Pressure in the Stadiums: Do Agents Change Behavior without Crowd Support?

Vincenzo Scoppa

published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2021, 82, 102344.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13578

Experimental Effects of an Absent Crowd on Performances and Refereeing Decisions during COVID-19

Alex Bryson, Peter Dolton, J. James Reade, Dominik Schreyer, Carl Singleton

published as 'Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19' in: Economic Letters , 2021, 198, 109664

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13486

Assessing the Role of Women in Tourism Related Sectors in the Caribbean

Francesco Pastore, Allan Webster, Kevin Hope

published in: International Journal of Tourism Research, 2021, 23 (3), 378-400

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12547

Quantifying the Intangible Impact of the Olympics Using Subjective Well-Being Data

Paul Dolan, Georgios Kavetsos, Christian Krekel, Dimitris Mavridis, Renuka Metcalfe, Claudia Senik, Stefan Szymanski, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2019, 177, 104043

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12182

Girls' and Boys' Performance in Competitions: What We Can Learn from a Korean Quiz Show

Alison L. Booth, Jungmin Lee

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 187, 431-447.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12143

Home Advantage in European International Soccer: Which Dimension of Distance Matters?

Nils van Damme, Stijn Baert

revised version published in: Economics, 2019, 13 (1), 20190050

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12142

Twelve Eyes See More Than Eight. Referee Bias and the Introduction of Additional Assistant Referees in Soccer

Olivier Verstraeten, Stijn Baert

revised version published in: Plos One, 2020, 15 (2), e0227758

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12012

Career Lotto: Labor Supply in Winner-Take-All Markets

Wayne A. Grove, Michael Jetter, Kerry L. Papps

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2021, 183, 362-376

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11722

Player Dismissal and Full Time Results in the UEFA Champions League and Europa League

Arne De Meyere, Ward Vanruymbeke, Stijn Baert

revised version published in: International Journal of Sport Finance, 2020, 15 (1), 27 - 38

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11319

Measuring Customer Discrimination: Evidence from the Professional Cricket League in India

Pramod Kumar Sur, Masaru Sasaki

publication in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2020, 21(4), 420-448

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10977

Performance and Risk Taking under Threat of Elimination

Nathan R. Adams, Glen R. Waddell

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2018, 156, 41 - 54

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10384

Performance in Mixed-Sex and Single-Sex Tournaments: What We Can Learn from Speedboat Races in Japan

Alison L. Booth, Eiji Yamamura

published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2018, 100 (4), 581 - 593

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10087

Happy Hosts? International Tourist Arrivals and Residents' Subjective Well-being in Europe

Artjoms Ivlevs

published in: Journal of Travel Research, 2017, 56 (5), 599-612

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10011

Gender Differences in Risk-Taking: Evidence from Professional Basketball

René Böheim, Christoph Freudenthaler, Mario Lackner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9980

No Better Moment to Score a Goal than Just Before Half Time? A Soccer Myth Statistically Tested

Stijn Baert, Simon Amez

revised version published in: Plos One, 2018, 13 (3), e0194255

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9845

Psychological Momentum and Gender

Danny Cohen-Zada, Alex Krumer, Ze'ev Shtudiner

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2017, 135, 66-81

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9315

Gender Differences in Reaction to Psychological Pressure: Evidence from Tennis Players

Maria De Paola, Vincenzo Scoppa

published in: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2017, 26 (3), 444-456

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8987

Mozart or Pelé? The Effects of Teenagers' Participation in Music and Sports

Charlotte Cabane, Adrian Hille, Michael Lechner

published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 41, 90-103

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8934

Game, Set, and Match: Do Women and Men Perform Differently in Competitive Situations?

Michael Jetter, Jay K. Walker

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2015, 119, 96-108

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8857

Referee Bias

Thomas Dohmen, Jan Sauermann

published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2016, 30 (4), 679-695

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8824

Good Girl, Bad Boy: Corrupt Behavior in Professional Tennis

Michael Jetter, Jay K. Walker

published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2017, 84 (1), 155-180

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8426

Too Busy for School? The Effect of Athletic Participation on Absenteeism

Harold E. Cuffe, Glen R. Waddell, Wesley Bignell

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8105

Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence from Same-Stadium Derbies

Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa

published in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2018, 19 (4), 562-582

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7945

Awareness Reduces Racial Bias

Devin G. Pope, Joseph Price, Justin Wolfers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7931

Labor Market Effects of Sports and Exercise: Evidence from Canadian Panel Data

Michael Lechner, Nazmi Sari

published in: Labour Economics, 2015, 35, 1 - 15

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7801

Are Sunk Costs Irrelevant? Evidence from Playing Time in the National Basketball Association

Daniel Leeds, Michael A. Leeds, Akira Motomura

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7690

Heterogeneous Sports Participation and Labour Market Outcomes in England

Michael Lechner, Paul Downward

published in: Applied Economics, 2016, 49 (4), 335–348.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7519

Fatigue and Team Performance in Soccer: Evidence from the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship

Vincenzo Scoppa

published in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2015, 16 (5) 482-507

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7299

The Impact of Legalized Casino Gambling on Crime

Mark W. Nichols, Mehmet S. Tosun

published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2017, 66, 1-15.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7279

Top?Down vs. Bottom?Up: The Long?Term Impact of Government Ideology and Personal Experience on Values

Nicolas R. Ziebarth, Gert G. Wagner

published as 'Inevitable? Doping Attitudes among Berliners in 2011: The Role of Socialist State Socialisation and Athlete Experience' in: European Journal of Public Health, 2016, 26 (3), 520-522

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6927

Savings and Prize-Linked Savings Accounts

Kadir Atalay, Fayzan Bakhtiar, Stephen L. Cheung, Robert Slonim

revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2014, 107 (A), 86-106

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6316

Sabotage in Tournaments: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Loukas Balafoutas, Florian Lindner, Matthias Sutter

revised version published in: Kyklos, 2012, 65 (4), 425-441

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5225

Heterogeneous Worker Ability and Team-Based Production: Evidence from Major League Baseball, 1920-2009

Kerry L. Papps, Alex Bryson, Rafael Gomez

published in: Labour Economics, 2011, 18 (3), 310-319

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4884

Explaining the Favorite-Longshot Bias: Is it Risk-Love or Misperceptions?

Erik Snowberg, Justin Wolfers

published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2010, 118 (4), 723-746

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4804

Gambling and the Use of Credit: An Individual and Household Level Analysis

Sarah Brown, Andy Dickerson, Jolian McHardy, Karl Taylor

published in: Applied Economics, 2011, 44 (35), 4639-4650

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4217

The Flexibility of the Workweek in the United States: Evidence from the FIFA World Cup

Fernando A. Lozano

published in: Economic Inquiry, 2011, 49(2), 512-529

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3987

The Economics of Discrimination: Evidence from Basketball

Lawrence M. Kahn

published in: The Oxford Handbook of Sports Economics, Oxford, OUP, 2012

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3834

Contracts as Rent Seeking Devices: Evidence from German Soccer

Eberhard Feess, Michael Gerfin, Gerd Muehlheusser

published in: Economic Inquiry, 2015, 53(1), 714-730

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3745

The Italian Job: Match Rigging, Career Concerns and Media Concentration in Serie A

Tito Boeri, Battista Severgnini

published as "Match rigging and the career concerns of referees" in: Labour Economics, 2011, 18(3), 349-359

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3559

Long-Run Labour Market Effects of Individual Sports Activities

Michael Lechner

published as 'Long-run labour market and health effects of individual sports activities' in: Journal of Health Economics, 2009, 28 (4), 839 - 854

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2834

Gender Differences in Performance in Competitive Environments: Evidence from Professional Tennis Players

M. Daniele Paserman

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1882

Do Former College Athletes Earn More at Work? A Nonparametric Assessment

Daniel J. Henderson, Alexandre Olbrecht, Solomon Polachek

published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2006, 41(3), 558-577

IZA Discussion Paper No. 1180

Legal Restrictions on Buyout Fees: Theory and Evidence from German Soccer

Eberhard Feess, Bernd Frick, Gerd Muehlheusser

IZA Discussion Paper No. 423

Transfer Fee Regulations in European Football

Eberhard Feess, Gerd Muehlheusser

published in: European Economic Review, 2003, 47(4), 645-668