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IZA Discussion Papers

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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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147 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17752
Digital Roots or Digital Routes? Broadband Expansion and the Rural-Urban Migration in China
Shuang Ma, Ren Mu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17718
Objective Calls Under the Spotlight: Referee Consistency and Behaviour on Football's Biggest Stage
David Butler, Robert Butler, Carl Singleton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17594
Menu Adjustment in Response to the Minimum Wage: A Return to the New Jersey-Pennsylvania Border
Kerry L. Papps, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17525
The Rise of Social Media and the Fall in Mental Wellbeing among Young Australians
Andrew Leigh, Stephen Robson
published in: Australian Economic Review, 2025, 58 (1), 33-38
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17512
Inequity Aversion in Subjective Evaluations: Evidence from Referees' Decisions in Soccer
Leo Morabito, Vincenzo Scoppa
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17452
Persuading Voters with Partisan TV News: A Natural Experiment Using Spatial Reception Data
Nicolas Herault, Trevor Kollmann, Russell Thomson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17434
Gender Differences in Preferences for Flexible Work Hours: Experimental Evidence from an Online Freelancing Platform
Rakesh Banerjee, Tushar Bharati, Adnan Fakir, Yiwei Qian, Naveen Sunder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17282
He Said, She Said: Who Gets Believed When Spreading (Mis)Information
Nuzaina Khan, David Rand, Olga Shurchkov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17191
Looks and Gaming: Who and Why?
Andy Chung, Daniel S. Hamermesh, Carl Singleton, Zhengxin Wang, Junsen Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17098
It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman! Using Mass Media to Fight Intolerance
Alex Armand, Paul Atwell, Joseph Gomes, Giuseppe Musillo, Yannik Schenk
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16963
Can Awareness Reduce (and Reverse) Identity-Driven Bias in Judgement? Evidence from International Cricket
Subhasish M Chowdhury, Sarah Jewell, Carl Singleton
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 226, 106697.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16703
The Behavioral, Economic, and Political Impact of the Internet and Social Media: Empirical Challenges and Approaches
Fabio Sabatini
revised version published online in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 21 May 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16681
Media Coverage of Immigration and the Polarization of Attitudes
Sarah Schneider-Strawczynski, Jérôme Valette
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2025, 17 (1), 337–368
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16345
Effects of E-commerce on Local Labor Markets
Anahid Bauer, Sofía Fernández Guerrico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16317
The Electric Telegraph, News Coverage and Political Participation
Tianyi Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16301
The Profit Motive in the Classroom - Friend or Foe?
Niklas Elert, Magnus Henrekson
published online in: Journal of School Choice, 25 May 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16283
Persistent Overconfidence and Biased Memory: Evidence from Managers
David B. Huffman, Collin Raymond, Julia Shvets
published in: American Economic Review, 2022, 112 (10), 3141–3175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16259
The Births of New Private-Owned Enterprises in an Environment of State-Owned Enterprises
Zhong Zhao, Liang Zheng
published as 'The effect of the spatial distribution of state-owned enterprises on the location of private-owned enterprise births' in: Journal of Regional Science, 2024, 64 (1), 136-175.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16054
Peacefully Demobilizing Rebels: Identity, Emotional Cues, and the FARC
Juan P. Aparicio, Michael Jetter, Christopher Parsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15953
Do International Tourist Arrivals Change Residents' Attitudes Towards Immigration? A Longitudinal Study of 28 European Countries
Artjoms Ivlevs, Ian Smith
published in: Tourism Economics, 2024, 30 (1), 104-131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15861
American Indian Casinos and Native American Self-Identification
Francisca M. Antman, Brian Duncan
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (6), 2547 - 2585
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15845
Sectoral Linkage in the Ethiopian Economy: A Social Accounting Matrix Multiplier Analysis
Selamawit G. Kebede, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15811
Daily Use of Social Media Is Associated with More Body Dissatisfaction of Teenage Girls in a Large Cross-Cultural Survey
Clotilde Napp, Thomas Breda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15728
High Speed Internet and the Widening Gender Gap in Adolescent Mental Health: Evidence from Hospital Records
Esther Arenas-Arroyo, Daniel Fernández-Kranz, Natalia Nollenberger
This version: May 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15501
Famous after Death: The Effect of a Writer's Death on Book Sales
Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 210, 210-225.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15311
Types of Communications Technology and Civil Conflict
Tushar Bharati, Michael Jetter, Muhammad Nauman Malik
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 170, 103312
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15298
Terrorism, Media Coverage and Education: Evidence from Al-Shabaab Attacks in Kenya
Marco Alfano, Joseph-Simon Goerlach
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (2), 727–763
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15277
Television Market Size and Political Accountability in the US House of Representatives
Patrick Balles, Ulrich Matter, Alois Stutzer
revised version published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2023, 80, 102459
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15214
Media Capture by Banks
Ruben Durante, Andrea Fabiani, Luc Laeven, José-Luis Peydró
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15202
Lost in the Net? Broadband Internet and Youth Mental Health
Dante Donati, Ruben Durante, Francesco Sobbrio, Dijana Zejcirovic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15078
The Political Economy of Propaganda: Evidence from US Newspapers
Sebastian Ottinger, Max Posch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15031
Online Teaching, Procrastination and Students’ Achievement: Evidence from COVID-19 Induced Remote Learning
Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 94, 102378.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15024
Which Former Professional Football Players Become Successful Professional Head Coaches?
Matteo Balliauw, Marco Verheuge, Stijn Baert
revised version published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2022, 30 (12), 1692–1695
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14979
Zero-Hours Contracts in a Frictional Labor Market
Juan J. Dolado, Etienne Lalé, Hélène Turon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14816
Mobile DNA and Sleep Quality
Simon Amez, Floor Denecker, Koen Ponnet, Lieven De Marez, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14721
Television, Health, and Happiness: A Natural Experiment in West Germany
Adrian Chadi, Manuel Hoffmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14720
Mobile Broadband Internet, Poverty and Labor Outcomes in Tanzania
Kalvin Bahia, Pau Castells, Genaro Cruz, Takaaki Masaki, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Viviane Sanfelice
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2023, 37 (2), 235–256
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14610
The Productivity Puzzle in Business Services
Alexander S. Kritikos, Alexander Schiersch, Caroline Stiel
published as 'The productivity shock in business services' in: Small Business Economics, 2022, 59 (3), 1273 - 1299
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14433
Do Women Give Up Competing More Easily? Evidence from Speedcubers
Chao Fang, Ernest Zhang, Junfu Zhang
published in: Economics Letters, 2021, 205, 109943.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14151
Mobile Internet Adoption in West Africa
Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa, Samantha Lach, Takaaki Masaki
published in: Technology in Society, 2022, 68, 101845
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14105
Unemployment Insurance as a Worker Indiscipline Device? Evidence from Scanner Data
Lester Lusher, Geoffrey C. Schnorr, Rebecca L.C. Taylor
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2022, 14 (2), 285 - 319
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14058
Quality and Price Setting of High-Tech Goods
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Oleksandr Talavera, Nam Vu
published in: Economic Modelling, 2021, 98, 69 - 85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14044
Competition Reform and Household Welfare: A Microsimulation Analysis of the Telecommunication Sector in Ethiopia
Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Abdelkrim Araar, Eduardo A. Malásquez, Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa
published in: Telecommunications Policy, 2022, 46 (2), 102243
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13840
Don't Downsize This! Social Reactions to Mass Dismissals on Twitter
Andrea Bassanini, Eve Caroli, Bruno Chaves Ferreira, Antoine Rebérioux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13834
Captivating News in Colombia
Juan P. Aparicio, Michael Jetter
published as 'Captivating news: Media attention and FARC kidnappings' in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 202, 69-81
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13805
National or Local? The Demand for News in Italy during COVID-19
Stefano Castriota, Marco Delmastro, Mirco Tonin
published as 'National or local infodemic? The demand for news in Italy during COVID-19' in: International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 2023, 23, 507–536
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13658
Broadband Internet and Household Welfare in Senegal
Takaaki Masaki, Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13595
Social Pressure in the Stadiums: Do Agents Change Behavior without Crowd Support?
Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2021, 82, 102344.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13578
Experimental Effects of an Absent Crowd on Performances and Refereeing Decisions during COVID-19
Alex Bryson, Peter Dolton, J. James Reade, Dominik Schreyer, Carl Singleton
published as 'Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19' in: Economic Letters , 2021, 198, 109664
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13486
Assessing the Role of Women in Tourism Related Sectors in the Caribbean
Francesco Pastore, Allan Webster, Kevin Hope
published in: International Journal of Tourism Research, 2021, 23 (3), 378-400
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13219
The Welfare Effects of Mobile Broadband Internet: Evidence from Nigeria
Kalvin Bahia, Pau Castells, Genaro Cruz, Takaaki Masaki, Xavier Pedrós, Tobias Pfutze, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Hernan Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12895
How Broadband Internet Affects Labor Market Matching
Manudeep Bhuller, Andreas Ravndal Kostøl, Trond Christian Vigtel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12723
Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: A Literature Review
Simon Amez, Stijn Baert
revised version published in: International Journal of Educational Research, 2020, 103, 10161
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12631
Does Light Touch Cluster Policy Work? Evaluating the Tech City Programme
Max Nathan
published in: Research Policy, 2022, 51 (9), 1104138
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12547
Quantifying the Intangible Impact of the Olympics Using Subjective Well-Being Data
Paul Dolan, Georgios Kavetsos, Christian Krekel, Dimitris Mavridis, Renuka Metcalfe, Claudia Senik, Stefan Szymanski, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2019, 177, 104043
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12225
Do Tax Incentives Affect Business Location and Economic Development? Evidence from State Film Incentives
Patrick Button
published in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2019, 77, 315-339.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12213
Innovative Events
Max Nathan, Anna Rosso
published in: Research Policy, 2022, 51 (1), 104373
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12182
Girls' and Boys' Performance in Competitions: What We Can Learn from a Korean Quiz Show
Alison L. Booth, Jungmin Lee
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 187, 431-447.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12143
Home Advantage in European International Soccer: Which Dimension of Distance Matters?
Nils van Damme, Stijn Baert
revised version published in: Economics, 2019, 13 (1), 20190050
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12142
Twelve Eyes See More Than Eight. Referee Bias and the Introduction of Additional Assistant Referees in Soccer
Olivier Verstraeten, Stijn Baert
revised version published in: Plos One, 2020, 15 (2), e0227758
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12056
I Read the News Today, Oh Boy: The Effect of Crime News Coverage on Crime Perception and Trust
Daniel Velásquez, Santiago Medina, Gustavo Yamada, Pablo Lavado, Miguel Núñez, Hugo Alatrista, Juandiego Morzan
published in: World Development, 2020, 136, 105111
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12035
Firm Size and Innovation in the Service Sector
David Audretsch, Marian Hafenstein, Alexander S. Kritikos, Alexander Schiersch
published as 'Microfirms and innovation in the service sector' in: Small Business Economics, 2020, 55 (4), 997-1018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12012
Career Lotto: Labor Supply in Winner-Take-All Markets
Wayne A. Grove, Michael Jetter, Kerry L. Papps
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2021, 183, 362-376
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11948
The Effect of Risk Assessment Scores on Judicial Behavior and Defendant Outcomes
Carly Will Sloan, George S Naufal, Heather Caspers
published online in: Journal of Human Resources, 08 May 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11945
Special Interest Groups versus Voters and the Political Economics of Attention
Patrick Balles, Ulrich Matter, Alois Stutzer
published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134 (662), 2290 - 2320
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11900
The Effect of Media Coverage on Mass Shootings
Michael Jetter, Jay K. Walker
final version published as 'News coverage and mass shootings in the US' in: European Economic Review, 2022, 148, 104221
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11764
Does the Internet Increase the Job Finding Rate? Evidence from a Period of Internet Expansion
Manuel Denzer, Thorsten Schank, Richard Upward
published in: Information Economics and Policy, 2020, 100900.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11740
Creative Differences? Measuring Creative Economy Employment in the US and UK Using Microdata
Tom Kemeny, Max Nathan, Dave O'Brien
published in: Regional Studies, 2020, 54 (3), 377-387
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11722
Player Dismissal and Full Time Results in the UEFA Champions League and Europa League
Arne De Meyere, Ward Vanruymbeke, Stijn Baert
revised version published in: International Journal of Sport Finance, 2020, 15 (1), 27 - 38
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11491
News Media and Crime Perceptions: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Nicola Mastrorocco, Luigi Minale
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2018, 165, 230-255
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11455
Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: Correlation or Causal Relationship?
Stijn Baert, Suncica Vujic, Simon Amez, Matteo Claeskens, Thomas Daman, Arno Maeckelberghe, Eddy Omey, Lieven De Marez
revised version published in: Kyklos, 2020, 73 (1), 22 - 46.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11396
Family-Centered Measures of Access to Early Care and Education
Elizabeth E. Davis, Won Fy Lee, Aaron Sojourner
published in: Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2019, 47, 472 - 486
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11367
Incentives Can Reduce Bias in Online Reviews
Ioana E. Marinescu, Nadav Klein, Andrew Chamberlain, Morgan Smart
published in: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2021, 27 (2), 393–407.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11319
Measuring Customer Discrimination: Evidence from the Professional Cricket League in India
Pramod Kumar Sur, Masaru Sasaki
publication in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2020, 21(4), 420-448
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11244
War of the Waves: Radio and Resistance during World War II
Stefano Gagliarducci, Massimiliano Gaetano Onorato, Francesco Sobbrio, Guido Tabellini
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2020, 12 (4), 1–38
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11074
What Drives Spatial Clusters of Entrepreneurship in China? Evidence from Economic Census Data
Liang Zheng, Zhong Zhao
published in: China Economic Review, 2017, 46, 228-248
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10977
Performance and Risk Taking under Threat of Elimination
Nathan R. Adams, Glen R. Waddell
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2018, 156, 41 - 54
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10708
Terrorism and the Media: The Effect of US Television Coverage on Al-Qaeda Attacks
Michael Jetter
published as 'The inadvertent consequences of al-Qaeda news coverage' in: European Economic Review, 2019, 119, 391-410
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10384
Performance in Mixed-Sex and Single-Sex Tournaments: What We Can Learn from Speedboat Races in Japan
Alison L. Booth, Eiji Yamamura
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2018, 100 (4), 581 - 593
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10318
Does Reality TV Induce Real Effects? A Response to Jaeger, Joyce, and Kaestner (2016)
Melissa S. Kearney, Phillip B. Levine
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10317
Does Reality TV Induce Real Effects? On the Questionable Association Between 16 and Pregnant and Teenage Childbearing
David A. Jaeger, Theodore J. Joyce, Robert Kaestner
substantially revised version published as 'A Cautionary Tale of Evaluating Identifying Assumptions: Did Reality TV Really Cause a Decline in Teenage Childbearing?' in: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 2020, 38 (2), 317 - 326
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10152
Marketmaking Middlemen
Pieter A. Gautier, Bo Hu, Makoto Watanabe
published in: RAND Journal of Economics, 2023, 54 (1), 83 - 103
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10087
Happy Hosts? International Tourist Arrivals and Residents' Subjective Well-being in Europe
Artjoms Ivlevs
published in: Journal of Travel Research, 2017, 56 (5), 599-612
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10011
Gender Differences in Risk-Taking: Evidence from Professional Basketball
René Böheim, Christoph Freudenthaler, Mario Lackner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9991
Internet and Voting in the Web 2.0 Era: Evidence from a Local Broadband Policy
Samuele Poy, Simone Schüller
revised version published in: Research Policy, 2020, 49 (1), 103861
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9980
No Better Moment to Score a Goal than Just Before Half Time? A Soccer Myth Statistically Tested
Stijn Baert, Simon Amez
revised version published in: Plos One, 2018, 13 (3), e0194255
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9845
Psychological Momentum and Gender
Danny Cohen-Zada, Alex Krumer, Ze'ev Shtudiner
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2017, 135, 66-81
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9645
Television, Cognitive Ability, and High School Completion
Øystein Hernaes, Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
revised version published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2019, 54 (2), 371-400
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9584
Do They Find You on Facebook? Facebook Profile Picture and Hiring Chances
Stijn Baert
revised version published as 'Facebook profile picture appearance affects recruiterd first hiring decisions' in: New Media & Society, 2018, 20 (3), 1220 - 1239
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9501
Can Reputation Discipline the Gig Economy? Experimental Evidence from an Online Labor Market
Alan Benson, Aaron Sojourner, Akhmed Umyarov
published in: Management Science, 2020, 66 (5), 1802-1825
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9315
Gender Differences in Reaction to Psychological Pressure: Evidence from Tennis Players
Maria De Paola, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2017, 26 (3), 444-456
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8987
Mozart or Pelé? The Effects of Teenagers' Participation in Music and Sports
Charlotte Cabane, Adrian Hille, Michael Lechner
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 41, 90-103
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8934
Game, Set, and Match: Do Women and Men Perform Differently in Competitive Situations?
Michael Jetter, Jay K. Walker
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2015, 119, 96-108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8857
Referee Bias
Thomas Dohmen, Jan Sauermann
published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2016, 30 (4), 679-695
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8824
Good Girl, Bad Boy: Corrupt Behavior in Professional Tennis
Michael Jetter, Jay K. Walker
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2017, 84 (1), 155-180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8765
Experts' Awards and Economic Success: Evidence from an Italian Literary Prize
Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Journal of Cultural Economics, 2015, 39, 341-367
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8662
Mapping 'Information Economy' Businesses with Big Data: Findings for the UK
Max Nathan, Anna Rosso, Francois Bouet
published in: Research Policy, 2015, 44 (9), 1714 - 1733
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8497
Terrorism and the Media
Michael Jetter
updated version published as 'Journal of Policy Analysis and Management' in: Journal of Public Economics, 2017, 153, 32-48
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8426
Too Busy for School? The Effect of Athletic Participation on Absenteeism
Harold E. Cuffe, Glen R. Waddell, Wesley Bignell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8105
Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence from Same-Stadium Derbies
Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2018, 19 (4), 562-582
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