Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18443

Minimum Wage and Job Transitions in Mexico

Francisco Cabrera-Hernández, Robert Duval Hernández

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18404

Classrooms as Workplaces: How Student Composition Affects Teacher Health

Krzysztof Karbownik, Helena Svaleryd, Jonas Vlachos, Xuemeng Wang

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18375

Directedness in Search

Rasmus Lentz, Jonas Maibom, Espen R. Moen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18358

Wage Dispersion, On-the-Job Search, and Stochastic Match Productivity: A Mean Field Game Approach

Ioan-Sebastian Buhai

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18347

Matching or Clashing: Exploring Scientists’ Exit from Academia Through Intentions and Job Offers

Lukas Dreier, Maximilian Göthner, Cornelia Lawson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18290

Who Gets Job Offers When Minimum Wages Rise? Evidence from China

Shuang Ma, Ren Mu, Han Xiao

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18220

Wage Information and Applicant Selection

Maria Balgova, Tsegay Tekleselassie, Lukas Hensel, Marc J. Witte

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18166

A Word of WARN-ing: Advance Notice of Layoffs and Labor Market Outcomes

Sara Malik, MaryJane Rabier

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18068

Output Fluctuations and Firm Recruitment Effort

Jesper Bagger, Francois Fontaine, Manolis Galenianos, Ija Trapeznikova

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17905

Advising Job Seekers in Occupations with Poor Prospects: A Field Experiment

Michèle Belot, Bart K. de Koning, Didier Fouarge, Philipp Kircher, Paul Muller, Sandra Philippen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17830

The Power to Discriminate

Samuel Dodini, Alexander Willén

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17798

Employer Quality and Skilled Workers’ Mobility: Evidence from English NHS Hospital Doctors

Stefano Cellini, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17791

Does Performance Pay Deter Job Quits?

Benjamin Artz, John S. Heywood

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17719

Employer-to-Employer Mobility and Wages in Europe and the United States

Daniel Borowczyk-Martins

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17704

Why Firms Lay Off Workers Instead of Cutting Wages: Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data

Antoine Bertheau, Marianna Kudlyak, Birthe Larsen, Morten Bennedsen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17627

Bring Out the Bulls: Employment Dynamics of Trucking Firms During Highly Expansive Market Conditions

Jason W. Miller, Jonathan Phares, Stephen V. Burks

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17614

Monopsony in the New Zealand Labour Market: First Estimates from Administrative Data

Corey Allan, David C. Maré, Dean R. Hyslop

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17496

The Labor Market Costs of Job Displacement by Migrant Status

Maria Balgova, Hannah Illing

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17489

Biased Returns to Tenure: The Impact of Firm-Specific Shocks on Base and Non-base Earnings

Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton, Nikos Theodoropoulos

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17486

Fragmented Stability: Recalls and Fixed-Term Contracts in the French Labour Market

Olivier Charlot, Franck Malherbet, Eloise Menestrier

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17447

Scarce Workers, High Wages?

Erik-Benjamin Börschlein, Mario Bossler, Martin Popp

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17426

Who Gets to Stay? How Mass Layoffs Reshape Firms' Skills Structure

David N. Margolis, Jaime Montana

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17385

Job Search, Efficiency Wages and Taxes

Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen

published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 95: 102750, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102750

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17374

Does Weaker Employment Protection Lower the Cost of Job Loss?

Marco Francesconi, Daniela Sonedda

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17347

Feeling Observed? A Field Experiment on the Effects of Intense Survey Participation on Job Seekers' Labour Market Outcomes

Gesine Stephan, Clemens Hetschko, Julia Schmidtke, Michael Eid, Mario Lawes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17340

Layoff Costs and Learning about Employer Financial Distress

Andreas Ravndal Kostøl, Matthew C. Merkle, Morten Grindaker

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211

Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board

Verónica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara

an updated version can be found here.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17139

Pandemic Layoffs and the Role of Stay-at-Home Orders

Marianna Kudlyak, Erin L. Wolcott

published in: Economics Letters, 2024, 242, 111894

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17111

The Micro and Macro Economics of Short-Time Work

Pierre Cahuc

published as 'Short-term work policies' in: C. Dustman, Lemieux, T. (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 5, Elsevier, 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17068

I Can't Forget about U: Lifetime Unemployment and Retirement Well-Being

Andrew E. Clark, Anthony Lepinteur

published in: Economica, 2025, 92, 1083-1100

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16941

Do Female–Owned Employment Agencies Mitigate Discrimination and Expand Opportunity for Women?

Jennifer Hunt, Carolyn Moehling

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16934

Labor Market Externalities of Pre-retirement Employment Protection

Paweł Chrostek, Krzysztof Karbownik, Michal Myck

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16923

Do Caseworker Meetings Prevent Unemployment? Evidence from a Field Experiment

Pia Homrighausen, Michael Oberfichtner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16888

How Cyclical Is the User Cost of Labor?

Marianna Kudlyak

published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2024, 28 (2), 159–180

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16790

Job Loss, Unemployment Insurance, and Health: Evidence from Brazil

Guilherme Amorim, Diogo Britto, Alexandre Fonseca, Breno Sampaio

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16748

Heavy Is the Crown: CEOs' Social Interactions and Layoff Decisions

Andrea Bassanini, Eve Caroli, Kevin Geay, Antoine Rebérioux

published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2024, 33 (5), 1253–1270

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16744

Job Security and Liquid Wealth

Ana Figueiredo, Olivier Marie, Agnieszka Markiewicz

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16722

Assessing Labor Market Conditions in Canada with Public-Use Microdata

Etienne Lalé

published in: Canadian Public Policy, 2024, 50 (2), 217-231

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16682

Occupational Job Ladders within and between Firms

Eliza Forsythe

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16658

Mens Sana in Corpore Sano! The Hiring Premium for Physical versus Mental Exercise in Different Occupations

Dieter Verhaest, Stijn Baert

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16645

How Do Firms Deal with the Risks of Employing Ex-prisoners?

János Köllő , István Boza, Virág Ilyés, Zsófia Kő mű ves, Lili Katalin Mark

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16593

Using Domain-Specific Word Embeddings to Examine the Demand for Skills

Sugat Chaturvedi, Kanika Mahajan, Zahra Siddique

published in: B. Elsner and S. W. Polachek (eds.), Big Data Applications in Labor Economics (Research in Labor Economics Vol. 52B), Emerald, 2024, 171-223

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16583

Matching through Search Channels

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Leo Kaas, Benjamin Lochner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16581

The Active Role of the Natural Rate of Unemployment during Cyclical Recoveries

Robert E. Hall, Marianna Kudlyak

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16560

So, Dear Applicant, Do You Mean Working from Home or Shirking from Home?

Eline Moens, Elsy Verhofstadt, Luc Van Ootegem, Stijn Baert

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16542

No Longer Qualified? Changes in the Supply and Demand for Skills within Occupations

Alicia Sasser Modestino, Mary A. Burke, Shahriar Sadighi, Rachel Sederberg, Tomere Stern, Bledi Taska

This version: February 2025.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16524

Labor Market News and Expectations about Jobs & Earnings

Bernhard Schmidpeter

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16512

Downward Rigidity in the Wage for New Hires

Jonathon Hazell, Bledi Taska

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16496

The Impact of Restricting Fixed-Term Contracts on Labor and Skill Demand

Giuseppe Grasso, Konstantinos Tatsiramos

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16491

Job Creation and Job Destruction in Turkey: 2006 - 2021

Sinem H. Ayhan, Hartmut Lehmann, Selin Pelek

published as 'Job Creation and Job Destruction in Turkey: 2006 - 2021' in: Eurasian Economic Review, 2025, 15, 741 - 773.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16475

Making Their Own Weather? Estimating Employer Labour-Market Power and Its Wage Effects

Pedro S. Martins, António Melo

published in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2024, 139, 103614

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16467

Labor Market Dynamics with Sorting

Bastian Schulz

published in: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2024, 158, 104776

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16455

Minimum Wages, Wage Dispersion and Financial Constraints in Firms

Hamzeh Arabzadeh, Almut Balleer, Britta Gehrke, Ahmet Ali Taskin

published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 163, 104678

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16423

Suspended from Work and School? Impacts of Layoff Events and Unemployment Insurance on Student Disciplinary Incidence

Riley Acton, Jo Al Khafaji-King, Austin C. Smith

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16413

Performance Costs and Benefits of Collective Turnover: A Theory-Driven Measurement Framework and Applications

Nick Zubanov, Elena Shakina

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16379

Non-monetary Interventions, Workforce Retention and Hospital Quality: Evidence from the English NHS

Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Jo Blanden, Marco Mello, Henrique Castro-Pires, Chris Bojke

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16373

Labor Force Transition Dynamics: Unemployment Rate or Job Posting Counts?

Kailing Shen, Yanran Zhu

published in: B. Elsner and S. W. Polachek (eds.), Big Data Applications in Labor Economics, Part A (Research in Labor Economics, Vol. 52 A), 2024, 1-33

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16371

Vacancy Duration and Wages

Ihsaan Bassier, Alan Manning, Barbara Petrongolo

fortcoming in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16351

Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin

Steven J. Davis, Pawel M. Krolikowski

published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (2), 491 - 524

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16349

Job Displacement and Migrant Labor Market Assimilation

Maria Balgova, Hannah Illing

updated version available as DP 17496

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16344

Displacement Effects in Manufacturing and Structural Change

Ines Helm, Alice Kügler, Uta Schönberg

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16262

Labor Market Regulation and Firm Adjustments in Skill Demand

Anna Bottasso, Massimiliano Bratti, Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Giovanni Sulis

revised version published as 'Labor Market Regulations and Firm Adjustments in Skill Demand' in: Journal of Public Economics, 2025, 242, 105292

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16233

External Pay Transparency and the Gender Wage Gap

Wolfgang Frimmel, Bernhard Schmidpeter, Rene Wiesinger, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16219

Examining the Determinants of Managers' Hiring Attitudes Towards Immigrant Workers: Evidence from an Employer Survey

Tony Fang, Tingting Zhang, John Hartley

published online in: Journal of Immigrants and Refugee Studies, 11 June 2023

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16185

The Career Effects of Union Membership

Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén, Li Zhu

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16184

Job Creation and Job Destruction Dynamics in the U.S. Truck Transportation Industry, 1995-2019

Jason W. Miller, Jonathan Phares, Stephen V. Burks

revised version published as 'Job Gain and Job Loss Dynamics in the Truck Transportation Industry' in: Journal of Business Logistics, 2024, 45 (3), e123912024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16098

Longer Careers: A Barrier to Hiring and Coworker Advancement?

Irene Ferrari, Jan Kabátek, Todd Morris

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16062

The Pandemic Push: Digital Technologies and Workforce Adjustments

Christina Gathmann, Christian Kagerl, Laura Pohlan, Duncan H.W. Roth

revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 89, 102541

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16035

Seeking Shelter in Times of Crisis? Unemployment, Perceived Job Insecurity and Trade Union Membership

Adrian Chadi, Laszlo Goerke

published in: Economica, 2023, 90 (359), 1041-1088

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16024

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

Mark Bils, Marianna Kudlyak, Paulo Lins

published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 42 (S1), S13–S59

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16013

Workers' Perceptions of Earnings Growth and Employment Risk

Gizem Kosar, Wilbert van der Klaauw

published in Journal of Labor Economics, 2025, 43 (S1), S83-S121

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15977

Retrieving the Returns to Experience, Tenure, and Job Mobility from Work Histories

John T. Addison, Pedro Portugal, Pedro Raposo

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15935

Labour Mobility in German Establishments during the COVID-19 Crisis: Panel Data Analyses with Special Reference to Short-Time Work and Working from Home

Lisa Bellmann, Lutz Bellmann, Olaf Hübler

revised version published as 'Labour mobility, short-time work and working from home: establishments' behaviour during the COVID-19 crisis' in: International Journal of Manpower, 2024, 45(6), 1262-1278

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15917

Did COVID-19 Deteriorate Mismatch in the Japanese Labor Market?

Yudai Higashi, Masaru Sasaki

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15902

Train Drain? Access to Foreign Workers and Firms' Provision of Training

Maria Esther Oswald-Egg, Michael Siegenthaler

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 102436

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15896

Geographic Mobility over the Life-Cycle

Antonia Diaz, Álvaro Jáñez, Felix Wellschmied

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15893

Unions as Insurance: Employer–Worker Risk Sharing and Workers' Outcomes during COVID-19

Nils Braakmann, Boris Hirsch

published in: Industrial Relations, 2024, 63 (2), 152-171

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15872

Job Ladders by Firm Wage and Productivity

Antoine Bertheau, Rune Majlund Vejlin

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15869

Educational Job Mismatch, Job Satisfaction, On-the-Job Training, and Employee Quit Behavior: A Dynamic Analytical Approach

Le Wen, Sholeh A. Maani, Zhi Dong

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15823

Minimum Wage in Germany: Countering the Wage and Employment Gap between Migrants and Natives?

Kai Ingwersen, Stephan L. Thomsen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15740

Can Temporary Wage Incentives Increase Formal Employment? Experimental Evidence from Mexico

Martin Abel, Eliana Carranza, Kimberly Geronimo, Maria Elena Ortega

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15717

How Substitutable Are Workers? Evidence from Worker Deaths

Simon Jäger, Jörg Heining

revise and resubmit: American Economic Review

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15694

IT Skills, Occupation Specificity and Job Separations

Christian Eggenberger, Uschi Backes-Gellner

published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 92, 102333

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15638

Staff Engagement, Coworkers' Complementarity and Employee Retention: Evidence from English NHS Hospitals

Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Marco Mello

published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (365), 42 - 83 (with Alberto Vesperoni)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15635

The Dynamics of Power in Labor Markets: Monopolistic Unions versus Monopsonistic Employers

Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15634

The Effect of Labor Market Shocks across the Life Cycle

Kjell G. Salvanes, Barton Willage, Alexander Willén

published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (1), 121–160

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15630

The Timing of Parental Job Displacement, Child Development and Family Adjustment

Pedro Carneiro, Kjell G. Salvanes, Barton Willage, Alexander Willén

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15603

Cyclical Earnings, Career and Employment Transitions

Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Ludo Visschers, David Wiczer

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15591

The Kids Aren't Alright: Parental Job Loss and Children's Outcomes within and beyond Schools

Diogo Britto, Caíque Melo, Breno Sampaio

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15521

International Assortative Matching in the European Labor Market

Thomas Peeters, Jan C. van Ours

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15480

Do Non-monetary Interventions Improve Staff Retention? Evidence from English NHS Hospitals

Melisa Sayli, Giuseppe Moscelli, Jo Blanden, Chris Bojke, Marco Mello

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15404

The Great Canadian Recovery: The Impact of COVID-19 on Canada's Labour Market

Stephen R. G. Jones, Fabian Lange, W. Craig Riddell, Casey Warman

published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2023, 56 (3), 791-838

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15389

Children in the Aftermath of the Great Recession

Carsten Andersen, Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Helena Skyt Nielsen, Michael Svarer

published in: Nationaløkonomisk Tidsskrift/ Danish Economic Journal, 2022, 2022 (1), Article 3

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15363

Can Wage Transparency Alleviate Gender Sorting in the Labor Market?

Omar Bamieh, Lennart Ziegler

published online in: Economic Policy, eiae025, 25 April 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15336

The Response of Firms to Maternity Leave and Sickness Absence

Ian M. Schmutte, Meghan Skira

published online in: Journal of Human Resources, 6 July 2023

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15313

Regional Structural Change and the Effects of Job Loss

Melanie Arntz, Boris Ivanov, Laura Pohlan

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15254

Minimum Wage Increases and Vacancies

Marianna Kudlyak, Murat Tasci, Didem Tüzemen

This version: January 2023.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15246

Heterogeneous Paths to Stability

Edoardo di Porto, Cristina Tealdi

published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 2024, 187 (4), 1037–1064

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15226

Employer Attitudes and the Hiring of Immigrants and International Students: Evidence from a Survey of Employers in Canada

Tony Fang, Na Xiao, Jane Zhu, John Hartley

published in: Canadian Public Policy, 2022, 48,17-37.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15201

China's Labor Market Demand in the Shadow of COVID-19: Evidence from an Online Job Board

Xiangquan Zeng, Shuai Chu, Xuan Chen