The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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496 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18422
Intergenerational Earnings Persistence Across Ethnicities
David C. Maré, Omoniyi Alimi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18375
Directedness in Search
Rasmus Lentz, Jonas Maibom, Espen R. Moen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18365
Intergenerational Persistence of Health in Indonesia: The Importance of Using Biomarkers
Timothy J. Halliday, Bhashkar Mazumder, Kompal Sinha, Huixia Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18351
Assortative Mating, Inequality, and Rising Educational Mobility in Spain
Ricard Grebol, Margarita Machelett, Jan Stuhler, Ernesto Villanueva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18329
A Lifecycle Estimator of Intergenerational Income Mobility
Ursula Mello, Martin Nybom, Jan Stuhler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18305
The Long Shadow of Labor Market Entry Conditions: Intergenerational Determinants of Mental Health
Micole De Vera, Javier Garcia-Brazales, Jiayi Lin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18272
Smart Skilling: Experimental Evidence on Vocational Training Design
Farzana Afridi, Tanu Gupta, Rachel Heath, Kanika Mahajan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18254
Inherited Inequality in Latin America
Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Paolo Brunori, Guido Neidhofer, Pedro Salas-Rojo, Louis Sirugue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18231
First-Generation Graduates in OECD Countries
Alessandro Fabbri, Michele Pellizzari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18220
Wage Information and Applicant Selection
Maria Balgova, Tsegay Tekleselassie, Lukas Hensel, Marc J. Witte
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18146
Multigenerational Inequality
Jan Stuhler
published in Research Handbook on Intergenerational Inequality, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18132
The Shift from Persistent Inequality to Earnings Instability in Belgium
Maisarah Wizan, Denisa M. Sologon, Sarah Marchal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17956
Sorting in the Marriage Market: A New Approach to Measuring Assortative Mating
Jeongwon Choi, Jinyoung Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17905
Advising Job Seekers in Occupations with Poor Prospects: A Field Experiment
Michèle Belot, Bart K. de Koning, Didier Fouarge, Philipp Kircher, Paul Muller, Sandra Philippen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17835
Jewish Occupational Attainment in the Antebellum United States: Filling a Gap in the Literature
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
forthcoming in: Social Science History
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17798
Employer Quality and Skilled Workers’ Mobility: Evidence from English NHS Hospital Doctors
Stefano Cellini, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17792
The Relationship Between Intergenerational Mobility and Equality of Opportunity
Adrian Adermon, Gunnar Brandén, Martin Nybom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17731
Closing the Mismatch: Encouraging Jobseekers to Reskill for Shortage Occupations
Elisabeth Leduc, Ilan Tojerow
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17713
Helping Jobseekers with Recommendations Based on Skill Profiles or Past Experience: Evidence from a Randomized Intervention
Mirjam Bächli, Rafael Lalive, Michele Pellizzari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17711
Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in 15 Destination Countries
Leah Platt Boustan, Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen, Ran Abramitzky, Elisa Jácome, Alan Manning, Santiago Perez, Analysia Watley, Adrian Adermon, Jaime Arellano-Bover, Olof Aslund, Marie Connolly, Nathan Deutscher, Anne C. Gielen, Yvonne Giesing, Yajna Govind, Martin Halla, Dominik Hangartner, Yuyan Jiang, Cecilia Karmel, Fanny Landaud, Lindsey Macmillan, Isabel Z. Martínez, Alberto Polo, Panu Poutvaara, Hillel Rapoport, Sara Roman, Kjell G. Salvanes, Shmuel San, Michael Siegenthaler, Louis Sirugue, Javier Soria Espín, Jan Stuhler, Giovanni L. Violante, Dinand Webbink, Andrea Weber, Jonathan Zhang, Angela Zhang, Tom Zohar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17654
Workers’ Task and Employer Mobility over the Business Cycle
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Fraser Summerfield, Ludo Visschers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17650
Childhood Welfare Exposure and Economic Outcomes for Adult Daughters and Sons
Robert Paul Hartley, Carlos Lamarche, James P. Ziliak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17598
Labour Market Dynamics of Minimum Wage Workers
Paul Redmond, Seamus McGuinness, Elish Kelly
published online in: Applied Economics, 4 March 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17579
Immigrant Age at Arrival and the Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnic Identification Among Mexican Americans
Brian Duncan, Stephen J. Trejo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17554
AI, Task Changes in Jobs, and Worker Reallocation
Christina Gathmann, Felix Grimm, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17535
Digitalization, Change in Skill Distance between Occupations and Worker Mobility: A Gravity Model Approach
Arnaud Dupuy, Morgan Raux, Sara Signorelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17510
Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages
Gökay Demir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17496
The Labor Market Costs of Job Displacement by Migrant Status
Maria Balgova, Hannah Illing
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17455
Child Penalties, Child Outcomes, and Family Culture
Eric D. Gould, Guy Lichtinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17444
Lifting Barriers to Skill Transferability: Immigrant Integration through Occupational Recognition
Silke Anger, Jacopo Bassetto, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17411
The Different Sources of Intergenerational Income Mobility in High and Low Income Families
Anders Hjorth-Trolle, Rasmus Landersø
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17382
The Labor Market Attainment of Immigrants in the Antebellum United States
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17340
Layoff Costs and Learning about Employer Financial Distress
Andreas Ravndal Kostøl, Matthew C. Merkle, Morten Grindaker
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17307
Does Migrants' Consumption of Cultural Goods Impact on Their Economic Integration? Disclosing the Culture-to-Market Pathway
Salvatore Carrozzo, Elisabetta Lodigiani, Alessandra Venturini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17268
Economic Shocks and Worker Careers: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Transitions Out of Unemployment?
Mara Buhmann, Laura Pohlan, Duncan H.W. Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17252
Elite Universities and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human and Social Capital
Andres Barrios-Fernandez, Christopher A. Neilson, Seth D. Zimmerman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211
Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board
Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara
an updated version can be found here.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17207
Job Mobility and Assortative Matching
Luisa Braunschweig, Wolfgang Dauth, Duncan H.W. Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17203
Inherited Inequality: A General Framework and a 'Beyond-Averages' Application to South Africa
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Pedro Salas-Rojo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17202
Inequality of Opportunity and Intergenerational Persistence in Latin America
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Guido Neidhöfer
published in: Oxford Open Economics, 2025, 4 (S1), i167–i199,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17072
Schooling Mobility across Three Generations in Six Latin American Countries
Pablo Celhay, Sebastian Gallegos
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 23 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17035
Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in the Netherlands
Roel van Elk, Egbert L. W. Jongen, Patrick Koot, Alice Zulkarnain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17027
Immigrant Overeducation across Generations: The Role of Gender and Part-Time Work
Kevin Pineda-Hernández, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2025, 77 (2), 445-465
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16953
Birth Order in the Very Long-Run: Estimating Firstborn Premiums between 1850 and 1940
Angela Cools, Jared Grooms, Krzysztof Karbownik, Siobhan O'Keefe, Joseph Price, Anthony Wray
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16923
Do Caseworker Meetings Prevent Unemployment? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Pia Homrighausen, Michael Oberfichtner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16890
There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs
Annette Bergemann, Stephan Brunow, Isabel Stockton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16887
Do Migrants Displace Native-Born Workers on the Labour Market? The Impact of Workers' Origin
Valentine Fays, Benoît Mahy, François Rycx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16826
Intergenerational Mobility and Credit
John Carter Braxton, Nisha Chikhale, Kyle Herkenhoff, Gordon Phillips
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16816
Persistent Effects of Social Program Participation on the Third Generation
Gordon B. Dahl, Anne C. Gielen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16807
Has Intergenerational Progress Stalled? Income Growth over Five Generations of Americans
Kevin Corinth, Jeff Larrimore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16798
Overeducation and Economic Mobility
Simen Markussen, Maria Nareklishvili, Knut Røed
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2024, 103, 102595
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16785
Parental Investments and Socio-Economic Gradients in Learning across European Countries
Pedro Carneiro, Hugo Reis, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16772
Nursing before and after COVID-19: Outflows, Inflows and Self-Employment
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16765
Multigenerational Effects of Smallpox Vaccination
Volha Lazuka, Peter S. Jensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16725
Name-Based Estimators of Intergenerational Mobility
Torsten Santavirta, Jan Stuhler
published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134 (663), 2982–3016
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16696
Which Occupations Do Unemployed Workers Target? Insights from Online Job Search Profiles
Steffen Altmann, Robert Mahlstedt, Malte Jacob Rattenborg, Alexander Sebald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16685
Job Displacement and Local Employment Density
David C. Maré, Richard Fabling, Dean R. Hyslop
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16682
Occupational Job Ladders within and between Firms
Eliza Forsythe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16660
Intergenerational Transmission of Welfare Benefit Receipt: Evidence from Germany
Jennifer Feichtmayer, Regina T. Riphahn
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2024, 70 (4), 1226-1251
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16659
Technological Change and Returns to Training
Roman Klauser, Marcus Tamm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16601
Barriers or Catalysts? Traditional Institutions and Social Mobility in Rural India
Vegard Iversen, Anustup Kundu, Rahul Lahoti, Kunal Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16567
Intergenerational Health Mobility in Germany
Daniel Graeber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16516
The Effect of Reducing Welfare Access on Employment, Health, and Children's Long-Run Outcomes
Jeffrey Hicks, Gaëlle Simard-Duplain, David A. Green, William P. Warburton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16488
Inequality of Opportunity in Wealth: Levels, Trends, and Drivers
Daniel Graeber, Viola Hilbert, Johannes König
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16476
The Wage Effects of Employers' Associations: A Case Study of the Private Schools Sector
Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16471
Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants by Refugee Status: An Analysis of Linked Landing Files and Tax Records
Wifag Adnan, Jonathan Zhang, Angela Zheng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16429
The Intergenerational Transmission of Housing Wealth
N. Meltem Daysal, Michael F. Lovenheim, David N. Wasser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16381
International Trade and Job Polarization: Evidence at the Worker Level
Wolfgang Keller, Hale Utar
published in: Journal of International Economics, 2023, 145, 103810.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16349
Job Displacement and Migrant Labor Market Assimilation
Maria Balgova, Hannah Illing
updated version available as DP 17496
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16290
Are the Upwardly-Mobile More Left-Wing?
Andrew E. Clark, Maria Cotofan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16280
(Breaking) Intergenerational Transmission of Mental Health
Aline Bütikofer, Rita Ginja, Krzysztof Karbownik, Fanny Landaud
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (S), S108-S151
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16273
Careers and Intergenerational Income Mobility
Catherine Haeck, Jean-William Laliberté
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2025, 17 (1), 431–458
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16223
The Rising Influence of Family Background on Early School Performance
Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 97, article 102491
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16206
Gender and Career Progression in Academia: European Evidence
Lucio Morettini, Massimiliano Tani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16204
Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages
Gökay Demir
updated version available as DP 17510
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16152
Like Mother, like Child? The Rise of Women's Intergenerational Income Persistence in Sweden and the United States
Gunnar Brandén, Martin Nybom, Kelly Vosters
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16145
Prior Work Experience and Entrepreneurship: The Careers of Young Entrepreneurs
Nicolas Gendron-Carrier
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16117
Where Do STEM Graduates Stem From? The Intergenerational Transmission of Comparative Skill Advantages
Eric A. Hanushek, Babs Jacobs, Guido Schwerdt, Rolf Van der Velden, Stan Vermeulen, Simon Wiederhold
this paper is an updated version of IZA DP No. 14854 (2021).
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16103
Intergenerational Scars: The Impact of Parental Unemployment on Individual Health Later in Life
Michele Ubaldi, Matteo Picchio
published in: German Economic Review, 2025, 26 (1), 35-70
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16078
Shifts in Composition of Jobs: Upgrading, Downgrading or Polarization? The Case of Russia 2000-2019
Vladimir Gimpelson, Rostislav Kapeliushnikov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16063
The Occupational Attainment of American Jewish Men in the Mid-19th Century
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15992
Changing Tracks: Human Capital Investment after Loss of Ability
Anders Humlum, Jakob R. Munch, Pernille Plato
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15957
How Middle-Skilled Workers Adjust to Immigration: The Role of Occupational Skill Specificity
Damiano Pregaldini, Uschi Backes-Gellner
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2024, 45 (8), 1607–16254
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15917
Did COVID-19 Deteriorate Mismatch in the Japanese Labor Market?
Yudai Higashi, Masaru Sasaki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15880
Employee-Owned Firms and the Careers of Young Workers
Gabriel Burdin, Jose Garcia-Louzao
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 93, 102686
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15867
Dynastic Measures of Intergenerational Mobility
Olivier B. Bargain, Maria C. Lo Bue, Flaviana Palmisano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15862
Understanding Sibling Correlations in Education: Molecular Genetics and Family Background
Jason M. Fletcher, Qiongshi Lu, Bhashkar Mazumder, Jie Song
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15830
The Direct and Indirect Effects of Online Job Search Advice
Steffen Altmann, Anita Marie Glenny, Robert Mahlstedt, Alexander Sebald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15824
Skills, Parental Sorting, and Child Inequality
Martin Nybom, Erik Plug, Bas van der Klaauw, Lennart Ziegler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15750
Housing Demolition and Occupational Mobility: Evidence from China
Chuhong Wang, Yonghua Wang, Xingfei Liu, Jiatong Zhong
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15622
"Workhorses of Opportunity": Regional Universities Increase Local Social Mobility
Greg Howard, Russell Weinstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15618
Filling the Gap: The Consequences of Collaborator Loss in Corporate R&D
Felix Poege, Fabian Gaessler, Karin Hoisl, Dietmar Harhoff, Matthias Dorner
heavily revised version published online in: Management Science, 27 June 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15611
Intergenerational Mobility in the Land of Inequality
Diogo Britto, Alexandre Fonseca, Paolo Pinotti, Breno Sampaio, Lucas Warwar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15603
Cyclical Earnings, Career and Employment Transitions
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Ludo Visschers, David Wiczer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15560
First Generation Elite: The Role of School Networks
Sarah Cattan, Kjell G. Salvanes, Emma Tominey
forthcoming in: American Economic Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15502
Income Taxes, Gross Hourly Wages, and the Anatomy of Behavioral Responses: Evidence from a Danish Tax Reform
Kazuhiko Sumiya, Jesper Bagger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15488
Training, Worker Mobility, and Employer Coordination
Pedro S. Martins, Jonathan P. Thomas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15452
Do the Long-Term Unemployed Benefit from Automated Occupational Advice during Online Job Search?
Michèle Belot, Philipp Kircher, Paul Muller
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