The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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116 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18139
Upholding Unions – How Colleagues Shape Union Membership?
Harald Dale-Olsen, Henning Finseraas, Kristine Nergaard, Elin Svarstad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17764
China’s Import Competition, Innovation and the Role of Unions
Alessia Matano, Paolo Naticchioni
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2025, 73, 423-433
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17116
Offshoring and the Decline of Unions
Jakob R. Munch, William W. Olney
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16870
Slouching Towards Decentralization. An Equilibrium Approach for Collective Bargaining.
Gabriele Cardullo
published online in: Italian Economic Journal, 28 February 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16588
The Impact of Right-to-Work Laws on Long Hours and Work Schedules
Rania Gihleb, Osea Giuntella, Jian Qi Tan
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43 (3), 696-713
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16362
Contested Transparency: Digital Monitoring Technologies and Worker Voice
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Stefano Dughera, Fabio Landini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16254
Unpacking Name-Based Race Discrimination
Martin Abel, Rulof Burger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15962
Does Offshoring Shape Labor Market Imperfections? A Comparative Analysis of Belgian and Dutch Firms
Sabien Dobbelaere, Catherine Fuss, Mark Vancauteren
substantially revised version forthcoming as 'Offshoring and labor market power: Comparing Belgian and Dutch firms' in: Industrial Relations
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15898
On the Emergence of Cooperative Industrial and Labor Relations
Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Andrea Ricci, Sergio Scicchitano, Giovanni Sulis
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2024, 62 (3), 568 - 590
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15880
Employee-Owned Firms and the Careers of Young Workers
Gabriel Burdin, Jose Garcia-Louzao
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 93, 102686
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15801
Staggered Contracts and Unemployment during Recessions
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Luis Díez-Catalán, Ernesto Villanueva
published online in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 24 September 2025, 103830
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15660
Decent Wage Floors in Europe: Does the Minimum Wage Directive Get It Right?
Henri Haapanala, Ive Marx, Zachary Parolin
published in: Journal of European Social Policy, 2023, 33 (4), 421 - 435
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15467
How Should We Think About Employers' Associations?
Alex Bryson, Paul Willman
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2024, 62 (2), 193-205
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15370
How Representative Are Social Partners in Europe? The Role of Dissimilarity
Marta Martínez Matute, Pedro S. Martins
published in: Labour, 2022, 36, 424 - 444
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15293
Monopsony Makes Firms Not Only Small but Also Unproductive: Why East Germany Has Not Converged
Rüdiger Bachmann, Christian Bayer, Heiko Stüber, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14290
Worker Commitment and Establishment Performance
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
revised version published as 'Worker Commitment and Establishment Performance in Europe' in: Manchester School, 2024, 92 (1), 40-66.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14204
Optimal Regional Labor Market Policies
Philip Jung, Philipp Korfmann, Edgar Preugschat
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 152, 104318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13909
Organised Labour, Labour Market Imperfections, and Employer Wage Premia
Sabien Dobbelaere, Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller, Georg Neuschaeffer
substantially revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2024, 77 (3), 396 - 427
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13871
The Effect of Manager Gender and Performance Feedback: Experimental Evidence from India
Martin Abel, Daniel Buchman
published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2024, 73 (1), 307–338
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13799
Robots and Worker Voice: An Empirical Exploration
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Fabio Landini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2025, 229, 106855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13615
The Persistence of Union Membership within the Coalfields of Britain
Huw Beynon, Helen Blakely, Alex Bryson, Rhys Davies
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021, 59 (4), 1131-1152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13576
Do Unions and Works Councils Really Dampen the Gender Pay Gap? Discordant Evidence from Germany
Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel, Marina Töpfer
published in: Economics Letters, 2020, 196, 109509
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13285
Management Practices, Worker Commitment, and Workplace Representation
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12795
Productivity, Wages and Profits: Does Firms' Position in the Value Chain Matter?
Benoît Mahy, François Rycx, Guillaume Vermeylen, Mélanie Volral
published as 'Productivity and Wage Effects of Firm-level Upstreamness: Evidence from Belgian Linked Panel Data' in: World Economy, 2022, 45 (7), 2222 - 2250
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12787
Climbing the Ladders of Job Satisfaction and Employees' Organizational Commitment: A Semi-Nonparametric Approach
José António Cabral Vieira
published as 'Climbing the ladders of job satisfaction and employee organizational commitment: cross-country evidence using a semi-nonparametric approach' in: Journal of Applied Economics, 2023, 26 (1), 2163581.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12714
The Institutional Adjustment Margin to Import Competition: Evidence from Italian Minimum Wages
Alessia Matano, Paolo Naticchioni, Francesco Vona
published as 'The institutional wage adjustment to import competition: evidence from the Italian collective bargaining system' in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2023, 75 (3), 631 - 651
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12611
Do Workers Discriminate against Female Bosses?
Martin Abel
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2024, 59 (2), 470 - 501
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12216
Trust and Workplace Performance
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
revised version published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2020, 58 (4), 874-903.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12169
Rent Sharing in China: Magnitude, Heterogeneity and Drivers
Wenjing Duan, Pedro S. Martins
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2022, 60(1), 176-219
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12113
Works Councils and Workplace Health Promotion in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Jens Mohrenweiser, Stephen C. Smith
revised version published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2022, 43 (3), 1059-1094
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11894
Wages, Creative Destruction, and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11788
The Impact of Employment Protection on the Industrial Wage Structure
John S. Heywood, Mary O'Mahony, W. Stanley Siebert, Ana Rincon-Aznar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11616
Do German Works Councils Counter or Foster the Implementation of Digital Technologies?
Sabrina Genz, Lutz Bellmann, Britta Matthes
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2019, 239 (3), 523 - 564
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11225
Labor Market Imperfections, Markups and Productivity in Multinationals and Exporters
Sabien Dobbelaere, Kozo Kiyota
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 53, 198-212
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11128
Measuring Indirect Effects of Unfair Employer Behavior on Worker Productivity: A Field Experiment
Matthias Heinz, Sabrina Jeworrek, Vanessa Mertins, Heiner Schumacher, Matthias Sutter
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130(632), 2546-2568
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11111
Union Density, Productivity and Wages
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (631), 1898 - 1936
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11066
Nonunion Employee Representation: Theory and the German Experience with Mandated Works Councils
Uwe Jirjahn, Stephen C. Smith
published in: Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 2018, 89 (1), 201-234
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11064
The German Model of Industrial Relations: (Where) Does It Still Exist?
Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik), 2019, 239 (1), 5-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10437
Employee Representation and Flexible Working Time
Gabriel Burdin, Virginie Pérotin
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2019, 61, 101755
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9587
Collective Bargaining Systems and Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Flexibility: The Quest for Appropriate Institutional Forms in Advanced Economies
John T. Addison
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2016, 5: 19
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9389
Labour Market Institutions and Inflation Differentials in the EU
Gaetano D'Adamo, Riccardo Rovelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9323
Pacts for Employment and Competitiveness as a Role Model? Their Effects on Firm Performance
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Katalin Evers, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Contract Innovation in Germany: An Economic Evaluation of Pacts for Competitiveness' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 55(3), 500-526.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9278
Skill Gaps in the Workplace: Measurement, Determinants and Impacts
Seamus McGuinness, Luis Ortiz
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2016, 47 (3), 253-278
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9254
Wage Compression within the Firm
Marco Leonardi, Michele Pellizzari, Domenico Tabasso
published in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129, 3256-3291.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9016
On the Potential Interaction Between Labour Market Institutions and Immigration Policies
Claudia Cigagna, Giovanni Sulis
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2015, 36(4), 441 - 468
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8919
United, Yet Apart? A Note on Persistent Labour Market Differences between Western and Eastern Germany
Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik), 2016, 236 (2), 157-180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8416
Who Do Unions Target? Unionization over the Life-Cycle of U.S. Businesses
Emin Dinlersoz, Jeremy Greenwood, Henry R. Hyatt
published in: ILR Review, 2017, 70(3): 733-766
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8284
Employee Trust and Workplace Performance
Sarah Brown, Daniel Gray, Jolian McHardy, Karl Taylor
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2015, 116, 361-378
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8242
Centralized vs. Decentralized Wage Formation: The Role of Firms' Production Technology
Boris Hirsch, Christian Merkl, Steffen Müller, Claus Schnabel
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