The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 13,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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139 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14037
Between the Dockyard and the Deep Blue Sea: Retention and Personnel Economics in the Royal Navy
Darrell J. Glaser, Ahmed S. Rahman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13847
The Impact of Employment Quotas on the Economic Lives of Disadvantaged Minorities in India
Nishith Prakash
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020, 180, 494-509
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13830
Does Test-Based Teacher Recruitment Work in the Developing World? Experimental Evidence from Ecuador
Maria Daniela Araujo, Guido Heineck, Yyannú Cruz-Aguayo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13754
Flexible Wages, Bargaining, and the Gender Gap
Barbara Biasi, Heather Sarsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13746
Committee Decision-Making under the Threat of Leaks
Sebastian Fehrler, Volker Hahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13696
Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools
Clare Leaver, Owen Ozier, Pieter Serneels, Andrew Zeitlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13669
Teacher Allocation and School Performance in Italy
Alex Bryson, Lorenzo Corsini, Irene Martelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13146
Determinants of Teacher Value-Added in Public Primary Schools: Evidence from Administrative Panel Data
Ryuichi Tanaka, Shun-ichiro Bessho, Akira Kawamura, Haruko Noguchi, Koichi Ushijima
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13121
Teacher Preferences, Working Conditions, and Compensation Structure
Andrew C. Johnston
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13086
Jumping the Queue: Nepotism and Public-Sector Pay
Andri Chassamboulli, Pedro Maia Gomes
published in: Review of Economic Dynamics, 2017, 142, 331-347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13042
Public-Sector Compensation over the Life Cycle
Pedro Maia Gomes, Felix Wellschmied
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12985
Teacher Labor Markets in Developing Countries
Lee Crawfurd, Todd Pugatch
forthcoming in: Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Education
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12871
Public Employment Redux
Pietro Garibaldi, Pedro Maia Gomes, Thepthida Sopraseuth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12702
You’re the One That I Want! Public Employment and Women’s Labor Market Outcomes
Pedro Maia Gomes, Zoë Kuehn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12659
Are Political and Economic Integration Intertwined?
Bernt Bratsberg, Giovanni Facchini, Tommaso Frattini, Anna Rosso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12653
When Correspondence Studies Fail to Detect Hiring Discrimination
Pierre Cahuc, Stéphane Carcillo, Andreea Minea, Marie-Anne Valfort
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12579
Labour Market Flows: Accounting for the Public Sector
Idriss Fontaine, Ismael Galvez-Iniesta, Pedro Maia Gomes, Diego Vila-Martin
forthcoming in: Labour Economics, 2019
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12527
The Impact of High-Performance Work Systems on Employees: A Sectoral Comparison
Michael White, Alex Bryson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12517
High Performance Work Systems and Public Sector Workplace Performance in Britain
Michael White, Alex Bryson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12247
Economics and Politics of the Public-Private Wage Gap (The Case of Russia)
Vladimir Gimpelson, Anna Lukiyanova, Anna Sharunina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12201
The Intergenerational Transmission of Teaching
Alberto Jacinto, Seth Gershenson
Forthcoming in: American Educational Research Journal, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12170
Labor Market Dynamics in Urban China and the Role of the State Sector
Shuaizhang Feng, Naijia Guo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12026
Do Female Managers Help to Lower Within-Firm Gender Pay Gaps? Public Institutions vs. Private Enterprises
Iga Magda, Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska
published as 'Do Women Managers Lower Gender Pay Gaps? Evidence from Public and Private Firms' in: Feminist Economics, 2019, 25 (4), 185 - 210
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11964
Unions and Wage Inequality: The Roles of Gender, Skill and Public Sector Employment
David Card, Thomas Lemieux, W. Craig Riddell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11895
Public versus Private Sector Wage Gap in Egypt: Evidence from Quantile Regression on Panel Data
Aysit Tansel, Halil Ibrahim Keskin, Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir
substantially revised version published as 'Public-Private Sector Wage Gap by Gender in Egypt: Evidence from Quantile Regression on Panel Data, 1998-2018' in: World Development, 2020, 135, 105060
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11674
Paying for What Kind of Performance? Performance Pay and Multitasking in Mission-Oriented Jobs
Daniel Jones, Mirco Tonin, Michael Vlassopoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11286
Can Quotas Increase the Supply of Candidates for Higher-Level Positions? Evidence from Local Government in India
Stephen D. O'Connell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11261
Voting Patterns and the Gender Wage Gap
Wifag Adnan, Sami H. Miaari
Forthcoming in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11255
The Impact of Public Employment: Evidence from Bonn
Sascha O. Becker, Stephan Heblich, Daniel M. Sturm
forthcoming in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11139
Do Boys Benefit from Male Teachers in Elementary School? Evidence from Administrative Panel Data
Patrick A. Puhani
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 51, 340-354
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11095
Serving the Public Interest in Several Ways: Theory and Empirics
Robert Dur, Max van Lent
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 51, 13-24
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11091
Heterogeneity and the Public Sector Wage Policy
Pedro Maia Gomes
published in: International Economic Review, 2018, 59 (3), 1469 -1489
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11038
Dual Practice by Health Workers: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia
Paula Gonzalez, Gabriel V. Montes-Rojas, Sarmistha Pal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11000
Gender Bias in Teaching Evaluations
Friederike Mengel, Jan Sauermann, Ulf Zölitz
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2019, 17 (2), 535-566
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10970
Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth
Ragui Assaad, Caroline Krafft
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10923
Does It Matter How and How Much Politicians Are Paid?
Duha T. Altindag, S. Elif Filiz, Erdal Tekin
published in: Economica, First published: 23 February 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10844
Does Random Selection of Commissioners Improve the Quality of Selected Candidates? An Investigation in the Italian Academia
Daniele Checchi, Silvia De Poli, Enrico Rettore
published in: Italian Economic Journal, 2018, 4 (2), 211-247
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10726
Differences in Positions along a Hierarchy: Counterfactuals Based on an Assignment Model
Laurent Gobillon, Dominique Meurs, Sébastien Roux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10719
Public-Private Sector Wage Differentials in Australia
Stephane Mahuteau, Kostas G. Mavromaras, Sue Richardson, Rong Zhu
forthcoming in: Economic Record, 2017
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10595
Where's the Teacher? How Teacher Workplace Segregation Impedes Teacher Allocation in India
Sonja Fagernäs, Panu Pelkonen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10547
Promotion Incentives in the Public Sector: Evidence from Chinese Schools
Naureen Karachiwalla, Albert Park
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10467
Public-Sector Employment in an Equilibrium Search and Matching Model
James Albrecht, Monica Robayo-Abril, Susan Vroman
published in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129 (617), 35-61
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10424
Glass Ceiling Effect in Urban China: Wage Inequality of Rural-Urban Migrants during 2002-2007
Zhaopeng (Frank) Qu, Zhong Zhao
published in: China Economic Review, 2017, 42, 118-144 [Details & Download]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10410
Trust the Police? Self-Selection of Motivated Agents into the German Police Force
Guido Friebel, Michael Kosfeld, Gerd Thielmann
published in: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 2019, 11 (4), 59-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10252
Teacher Literacy and Numeracy Skills: International Evidence from PIAAC and ALL
Bart H.H. Golsteyn, Stan Vermeulen, Inge de Wolf
published in: De Economist (2016), 164 (4), 365-389
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10003
Returns to Office in National and Local Politics
Kaisa Kotakorpi, Panu Poutvaara, Marko Terviö
published in: Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2017, 33 (3), 413–442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9936
Who Wins? Evaluating the Impact of UK Public Sector Pension Scheme Reforms
Alexander M. Danzer, Peter Dolton, Chiara Rosazza Bondibene
published in: National Institute Economic Review, 2016, 237, 38-46
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9931
The Increase of the Gender Wage Gap in Italy during the 2008-2012 Economic Crisis
Daniela Piazzalunga, Maria Laura Di Tommaso
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, First Online: 24 August 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10888-018-9396-8
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9658
Are Men Given Priority for Top Jobs? Investigating the Glass Ceiling in the Italian Academia
Maria De Paola, Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Journal of Human Capital, 2018, Vol. 12, No. 3: 475-503.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9594
Connections in Scientific Committees and Applicants' Self-Selection: Evidence from a Natural Randomized Experiment
Manuel Bagues, Mauro Sylos-Labini, Natalia Zinovyeva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9385
Disentangling the Role of Contract Types and Sector Disparities for Public Service Motivation
Christian Grund, Kirsten Thommes
revised version published as 'The Role of Contract Types for Employees' Public Service Motivation' in: Schmalenbach Business Review, 2017, 18, 377-398
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9271
A Detailed Decomposition Analysis of the Public-Private Sector Wage Gap in South Africa
Prudence Magejo, Miracle Benhura
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9203
Performance Standards and Employee Effort: Evidence from Teacher Absences
Seth Gershenson
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2016, 35(3), 615-638
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9153
Labor Supply and Productivity Responses to Non-Salary Benefits: Do They Work? If So, at What Level Do They Work Best?
Marilyn Spencer, Deniz Gevrek, Valrie Chambers, Randall Bowden
published in: Personnel Review, 2016, 45 (5), 1047-1068
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8892
Compulsory Military Service and Future Earnings: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment
Muhammad Asali
revised version published in: Defence and Peace Economics, 2019, 30 (4), 402-420.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8859
Gender Differences in Attitudes Towards Competition: Evidence from the Italian Scientific Qualification
Maria De Paola, Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa
published as 'Gender differences in the propensity to apply for promotion: evidence from the Italian Scientific Qualification' in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2017, 69 (5), 986 - 1009.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8621
Teacher Pay and Student Performance: Evidence from the Gambian Hardship Allowance
Todd Pugatch, Elizabeth Schroeder
published in: Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2018, 10(2): 249-276.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8315
The Public Sector Wage Premium in Spain: Evidence from Longitudinal Administrative Data
Laura Hospido, Enrique Moral-Benito
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 42, 101–122, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2016.08.001
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8268
Human Capital and the Size Distribution of Firms
Pedro Maia Gomes, Zoë Kuehn
Published in Review of Economic Dynamics, 2017, 26 , pp. 164-179.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8241
Yuan and Roubles: Comparing Wage Determination in Urban China and Russia at the Beginning of the New Millennium
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Shi Li, Ludmila Nivorozhkina, Haiyuan Wan
published in China Economic Review, 2015, 35, 248-265
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8239
Intrinsic Motivations of Public Sector Employees: Evidence for Germany
Robert Dur, Robin Zoutenbier
published in: German Economic Review, 2015, 16(3), 343-366
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8238
Are Public Sector Workers Different? Cross-European Evidence from Elderly Workers and Retirees
Mirco Tonin, Michael Vlassopoulos
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 4:11, 2015
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8159
The Lifetime Earnings Premium in the Public Sector: The View from Europe
Matt Dickson, Fabien Postel-Vinay, Hélène Turon
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2014, 31, 141–161
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8102
Candidates' Quality and Electoral Participation: Evidence from Italian Municipal Elections
Marco Alberto De Benedetto, Maria De Paola
published as 'Candidates' Education and Turnout: Evidence from Italian Municipal Elections' in: German Economic Review, 2017, 18 (1), 22 - 50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8057
Opportunity Cost and the Incidence of a Draft Lottery
Paul Bingley, Petter Lundborg, Stéphanie Vincent Lyk-Jensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7974
Evaluating Specification Tests in the Context of Value-Added Estimation
Cassandra M. Guarino, Mark D. Reckase, Brian Stacy, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
published in: Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2015, 8 (1), 35-59.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7973
A Comparison of Growth Percentile and Value-Added Models of Teacher Performance
Cassandra M. Guarino, Mark D. Reckase, Brian Stacy, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
published in: Statistics and Public Policy, 2015, 2(1), e1034820
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7935
Job Satisfaction and Public Service Motivation
Lutz C. Kaiser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7887
Unionization and Productivity: Evidence from Charter Schools
Cassandra M. D. Hart, Aaron Sojourner
Published in: Industrial Relations. 2015. 55(4): 422-448
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7723
Incentives for Teacher Relocation: Evidence from the Gambian Hardship Allowance
Todd Pugatch, Elizabeth Schroeder
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2014, 41, 120-136
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7676
Does the Precision and Stability of Value-Added Estimates of Teacher Performance Depend on the Types of Students They Serve?
Brian Stacy, Cassandra M. Guarino, Mark D. Reckase, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7644
Job Satisfaction and Self-Selection into the Public or Private Sector: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Natalia Danzer
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2019, 57(C), 46-62.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7573
Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism
Ragui Assaad
published in: IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2014, 3:6
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7524
The Effect of Public Wages on Corporate Compensation in Hungary
Álmos Telegdy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7500
Moonlighting Politicians: Motivation Matters!
Alessandro Fedele, Paolo Naticchioni
published in: German Economic Review, 2016, 17 (2), 127 - 156
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7313
An Anatomy of Public Sector Unions
Barry Hirsch
published in: Michael Green and Samuel Estreicher (eds.), The Challenge for Collective Bargaining: Proceedings of the NYU 65th Annual Conference on Labor, LexisNexis, 2013
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7152
Does the Military Train Men to Be Violent Criminals? New Evidence from Australia's Conscription Lotteries
Peter Siminski, Simon Ville, Alexander Paull
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7112
How do Principals Assign Students to Teachers? Finding Evidence in Administrative Data and the Implications for Value-added
Steven G. Dieterle, Cassandra M. Guarino, Mark D. Reckase, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2015, 34 (1), 461-480
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7091
Absenteeism, Unemployment and Employment Protection Legislation: Evidence from Italy
Vincenzo Scoppa, Daniela Vuri
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2014, 3:3
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7058
Working for a Good Cause
Robert Dur, Robin Zoutenbier
published in: Public Administration Review, 2014, 74(2), 144-155
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6738
Incentives in the Public Sector: Evidence from a Government Agency
Simon Burgess, Carol Propper, Marisa Ratto, Emma Tominey
forthcoming in: Economic Journal, 2016.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6653
Does It Pay to Be a Cadre? Estimating the Returns to Being a Local Official in Rural China
Jian Zhang, John T. Giles, Scott Rozelle
Journal of Comparative Economics, 2012, 40 (3), 337-356
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6602
Can Value-Added Measures of Teacher Performance Be Trusted?
Cassandra M. Guarino, Mark D. Reckase, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
published in: Education Finance and Policy, 2015, 10 (1), 117-156
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6563
Preferences and Skills of Indian Public Sector Teachers
Sonja Fagernäs, Panu Pelkonen
published in: IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2012, 1:3
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6534
The Determinants of Earnings Inequalities: Panel Data Evidence from South Africa
Andrew Kerr, Francis J. Teal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6525
Explaining Charter School Effectiveness
Joshua Angrist, Parag A. Pathak, Christopher R. Walters
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2013, 5 (4), 1-27
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6449
The Regional Distribution of Public Employment: Theory and Evidence
Sebastian G. Kessing, Chiara Strozzi
revised and updated version published in: Regional Studies, 2017, 51 (7), 1100-1114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5949
Is Leisure a Normal Good? Evidence from the European Parliament
Naci Mocan, Duha T. Altindag
published in The Economic Journal, 2013, 123, 1130-1167.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5907
Comparative Essay on Returns to Education in Palestine and Turkey
Aysit Tansel, Yousef Daoud
published in: Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2014, 13, 347-378.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5825
The Effect of Public Sector Employment on Women's Labour Market Outcomes
Brindusa Anghel, Sara de la Rica, Juan J. Dolado
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5822
Unfit for Service: The Implications of Rising Obesity for U.S. Military Recruitment
John Cawley, J. Catherine Maclean
published in: Health Economics, 2012, 21 (11), 1348-1366
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5806
Career Changers in Teaching Jobs: A Case Study Based on the Swiss Vocational Education System
Stefanie Hof, Mirjam Strupler Leiser, Stefan C. Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5656
Total Reward in the UK in the Public and Private Sectors
Alexander M. Danzer, Peter Dolton
published in: Labour Economics, 2012, 19 (4), 584-594
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5537
Does Gender Matter for Academic Promotion? Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment
Natalia Zinovyeva, Manuel Bagues
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5520
The Politicians' Wage Gap: Insights from German Members of Parliament
Andreas Peichl, Nico Pestel, Sebastian Siegloch
revised version published in: Public Choice, 2013, 156(3-4), 653-676
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5513
The Right Look: Conservative Politicians Look Better and Their Voters Reward It
Niclas Berggren, Henrik Jordahl, Panu Poutvaara
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2017, 146, 79–86
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5349
Cronyism
Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5321
Fiscal Policy and the Labour Market: The Effects of Public Sector Employment and Wages
Pedro Maia Gomes
published as 'Optimal public sector wages' in: Economic Journal, 2015, 125 (587), 1425-1451.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5291
Teacher Pay, Class Size and Local Governments: Evidence from the Latvian Reform
Mihails Hazans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5288
Labour Market Impact of Large Scale Internal Migration on Chinese Urban 'Native' Workers
Xin Meng, Dandan Zhang
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