The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,167 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17624
Can Paternity Leave Reduce the Gender Earnings Gap?
Yaya Diallo, Fabian Lange, Laetitia Renée
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17621
One Cohort at a Time: A New Perspective on the Declining Gender Pay Gap
Jaime Arellano-Bover, Nicola Bianchi, Salvatore Lattanzio, Matteo Paradisi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17601
When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave
Paola Biasi, Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17585
Monopsony: Wages, Wage Bargaining and Job Requirements
Jasmin Anderlik, Malika Jumaniyozova, Bernhard Schmidpeter, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17584
Inequality in the Economics Profession
Karan Singhal, Eva Sierminska
forthcoming in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17583
The Impact of Overtime Limits on Firms and Workers: Evidence from Japan's Work Style Reform
Gabriel Burdin, Ryo Kambayashi, Takao Kato
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17574
Beliefs on Children's Human Capital Formation and Mothers at Work
Césarine Boinet, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti, Zhan Shi, Paul Telemo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17564
Gender Identity and Economic Decision Making
Anne Ardila Brenøe, Zeynep Eyibak, Lea Heursen, Eva Ranehill, Roberto A. Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17543
The Causal Impact of Gender Norms on Mothers' Employment Attitudes and Expectations
Henning Hermes, Marina Krauß, Philipp Lergetporer, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17539
Disruptive Peers and Academic Performance: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes
Sofoklis Goulas, Silvia Griselda, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17529
Climate Shocks, Intimate Partner Violence, and the Protective Role of Climate-Resilience Projects
Amanda Guimbeau, Xinde James Ji, Nidhiya Menon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17528
The Effects of Gender Integration on Men: Evidence from the U.S. Military
Kyle Greenberg, Melanie Wasserman, E. Anna Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17509
The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Family-Friendly Policies on Mothers' Employment
Alicia De Quinto, Libertad González
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17494
Does Early Timing of First Birth Lead to Lower Earnings in Midlife in Britain?
Jessica Nisén, Johanna Tassot, Francesco Iacoella, Peter Eibich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17480
Designing Gender Equity: Evidence from Hiring Practices
Tatiana Mocanu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17471
Baby Bumps and Abortion Drop: Unpacking Fertility Trends During COVID-19 in Germany
Martin Bujard, Mathias Huebener
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17455
Child Penalties, Child Outcomes, and Family Culture
Eric D. Gould, Guy Lichtinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17450
Female Empowerment and Male Backlash: Experimental Evidence from India
Claire Cullen, Sarthak Joshi, Joseph Vecci, Julia Talbot-Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17438
Birth Timing and Spacing: Implications for Parental Leave Dynamics and Child Penalties
Abi Adams-Prassl, Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen, Barbara Petrongolo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17435
Fertility, Pregnancy, and Parenthood Discrimination in the Labour Market: A Systematic Review
Morien El Haj, Stijn Baert, Luc Van Ootegem, Elsy Verhofstadt, Louis Lippens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17434
Gender Differences in Preferences for Flexible Work Hours: Experimental Evidence from an Online Freelancing Platform
Rakesh Banerjee, Tushar Bharati, Adnan Fakir, Yiwei Qian, Naveen Sunder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17429
Can Children's Education Enhance Formal Female Labor Force Participation?
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Gunnar Poppe Yanez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17422
Caring Dads? Universal Childcare, Paternity Leave and Fathers' Involvement
Mathias Huebener, Malin K. Mahlbacher, Sophia Schmitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17419
Income and Fertility of Female College Graduates in the United States
Zhengyu Cai, John V. Winters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17410
Can the Law Affect Attitudes and Behaviour in the Absence of Strict Enforcement? Experimental Evidence from a Child Marriage Reform in Bangladesh
Amrit Amirapu, Niaz Asadullah, Zaki Wahhaj
forthcoming in: Journal of Law, Economics and Organization
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17405
Do Women Pay for Working from Home? Exploring Gender Gaps in Pay and Wellbeing by Work Location in the UK Cohort Studies
Bożena Wielgoszewska, Alex Bryson, Heather Joshi, David Wilkinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17404
Does Restricting Access to Credit Affect Learning Outcomes? Evidence from a Regulatory Shock to Microfinance in India
Muneer Kalliyil, Soham Sahoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17401
Do Women on Boards Matter? Network and Spillover Effects on Gender Gaps within Firms
Emma von Essen, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17386
Under Pressure: Electoral Competition and Women's Representation
Pamela Campa, Perihan Saygin, Semih Tumen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17381
The Rules of the Game: Local Wage Bargaining and the Gender Pay Gap
Maria Olsson, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17380
Educational Hypogamy Is Associated with a Smaller Child Penalty on Women's Earnings
Nadia Steiber, Lara Lebedinski, Bernd Liedl, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17379
Child Penalties in Labour Market Skills
Jonas Jessen, Lavinia Kinne, Michele Battisti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17376
Do Americans Favor Female or Male Politicians? Evidence from Experimental Elections
Panu Poutvaara, Andreas Graefe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17375
Hard Times, Hard Attitudes? The Effect of Economic Downturns on Gender Norms
Inés Berniell, Leonardo Gasparini, Mariana Marchionni, Mariana Viollaz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17371
School Closures and Parental Labor Supply: Differential Effects of Anticipated and Unanticipated Closures
Sofia Schroeter, Rafael Lalive, Kalaivani Karunanethy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17370
Dividing Housework between Partners: Individual Preferences and Social Norms
Danilo Cavapozzi, Marco Francesconi, Cheti Nicoletti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17368
The Demand-Side Story: Structural Change and the Decline in Female Labour Force Participation in India
Ashwini Deshpande, Jitendra Singh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17354
Spousal Labor Supply: Decoupling Gender Norms and Earning Status
Elliott Isaac
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17334
The Motherhood Penalty: Gender Norms, Occupational Sorting, and Labor Supply
Césarine Boinet, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17330
Who Benefits from Single-Sex Schooling? Evidence on Mental Health, Peer Relationships, and Academic Achievements
Dain Jung, Jun Hyung Kim, Do Won Kwak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17324
Wealth Creators or Inheritors? Unpacking the Gender Wealth Gap from Bottom to Top and Young to Old
Charlotte Bartels, Eva Sierminska, Carsten Schröder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17318
Women's Sexual Orientation and Occupational Tasks: Partners, Prejudice, and Motherhood
Raquel Carrasco, Ana Nuevo-Chiquero
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17309
Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects
Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, Giulia Olivero, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17295
50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership
Francine D. Blau, Lisa M. Lynch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17293
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17288
Fetal Pollution Exposure, Cognitive Ability, and Gender-Specific Parental Investment
Xin Zhang, Yixuan Wang, Xingyi Hu, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17285
Unequal Hiring Wages and Their Impact on the Gender Pay Gap
Tho Pham, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17282
He Said, She Said: Who Gets Believed When Spreading (Mis)Information
Nuzaina Khan, David Rand, Olga Shurchkov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17281
Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17271
Gender Role Models in Education
Sofoklis Goulas, Bhagya N. Gunawardena, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17261
The Impact of Role Models on Youths' Aspirations, Gender Attitudes and Education in Somalia
Elijah Kipchumba, Catherine Porter, Danila Serra, Munshi Sulaiman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17255
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Alex Bryson, Tim Morris, David Bann, David Wilkinson
forthcoming in: Economics and Human Biology
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17245
Measuring Bias in Job Recommender Systems: Auditing the Algorithms
Shuo Zhang, Peter J. Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17240
Gendered Language in Academic Evaluations: Evidence from the Italian University System
Matilde Casamonti, Natalia Zinovyeva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17235
Intersectional Analysis of the Labour Market Impacts of COVID: The Triple-Whammy of Females, Children, and Lower Skill
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Viet Hoang Ha, Hui Ming
published online as 'Intersectional analysis of the labour market impacts of COVID on women with young children and in low-skilled jobs' in: International Journal of Manpower, 19 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17219
Closing the Gender Gap: Promoting Labour Market Participation
Jorgen M. Harris, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17216
Beyond the Degree: Fertility Outcomes of 'First in Family' Graduates
Anna Adamecz, Anna Lovász, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17210
Parental Leave: Economic Incentives and Cultural Change
James Albrecht, Per-Anders Edin, Raquel Fernández, Jiwon Lee, Peter Skogman Thoursie, Susan Vroman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17196
The Effect of Export Market Access on Labor Market Power: Firm-Level Evidence from Vietnam
Trang Hoang, Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17194
Fast Internet, Women Identity, and Female Genital Mutilation
Jorge Garcia-Hombrados, Daniel Pérez-Parra, Ricardo Ciacci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17175
Can Term Limits Accelerate Women's Access to Top Political Positions? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Italy
Carolina Kansikas, Manuel Bagues
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17154
(Don't) Walk This Way: The Econometrics of Crosswalks
Daniel L. Millimet
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17151
Gender Gaps in Time Use: Pan-European Evidence from School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Benjamin Elsner, Manvi Jindal, Massimiliano Mascherini, Sanna Nivakoski
forthcoming in: Economic and Social Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17143
How Important Are Mental and Physical Health in Career and Family Choices?
Guido Cozzi, Noemi Mantovan, Robert M. Sauer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17134
Separate Housework Spheres
Jonas Jessen, Sebastian Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Felix Weinhardt, Jan Berkes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17127
Effects of Parental Death on Labor Market Outcomes and Gender Inequalities
Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen, Ning Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17126
The Labor Market Effects of Drug-Related Violence in a Transit Country
Andres Ham Gonzalez, Juanita Ruiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17123
Beyond Borders: Do Gender Norms and Institutions Affect Female Businesses?
Holger Görg, Ina C. Jäkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17121
Alternative Measures of Teachers' Value Added and Impact on Short and Long-Term Outcomes: Evidence from Random Assignment
Victor Lavy, Rigissa Megalokonomou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17115
The #Metoo Movement and Judges' Gender Gap in Decisions
Xiqian Cai, Shuai Chen, Zhengquan Cheng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17109
Reducing the Child Penalty by Incentivizing Maternal Part-Time Work?
Laurenz Baertsch, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17107
Labor Market Outcomes of Same-Sex Couples in Countries with Legalized Same-Sex Marriage
Honorata Bogusz, Jan Gromadzki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17082
The Impact of Peer Performance and Relative Rank on Managerial Career Attainment: Evidence from College Students
Rafael Perez Ribas, Breno Sampaio, Giuseppe Trevisan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17081
Gender Bias in the Reelection of Politicians (When a Crisis Strikes)
Zohal Hessami, Temurbek Khasanboev
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17077
Decoding Gender Bias: The Role of Personal Interaction
Abdelrahman Amer, Ashley C Craig, Clémentine Van Effenterre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17067
The Lives of Intersex People: Socio-Economic and Health Disparities in Mexico
Ercio A. Muñoz, Melanie Saavedra, Dario Sansone
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17063
The Gender Pay Gap at the Early Stages of Academic Careers
Iga Magda, Jacek Bieliński, Marzena Feldy, Anna Knapińska
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17054
Teacher Value-Added and the Test Score Gender Gap
Andrés García-Echalar, Sebastián Poblete, Tomas Rau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17029
Do Female Experts Face an Authority Gap? Evidence from Economics
Hans Henrik Sievertsen, Sarah Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17018
Family and Career: An Analysis across Europe and North America
Luis Guirola, Laura Hospido, Andrea Weber
published online in: Fiscal Studies, 28 June 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17016
The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum Wage Legislation
Riccardo Marchingiglio, Mikhail Poyker
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16993
Soft Skills, Competition, and Hiring Discrimination
Christian Valencia, Sarah Janzen, Yashodhan Ghorpade, Amanina Abdur Rahman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16991
What Works for Working Couples? Work Arrangements, Maternal Labor Supply, and the Division of Home Production
Ludovica Ciasullo, Martina Uccioli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16990
Effects of Mandatory Residencies on Female Physicians' Specialty Choices: Evidence from Japan's New Medical Residency Program
Tsunao Okumura, Yuko Ueno, Emiko Usui
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 90, 102566
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16980
Half Empty and Half Full? Women in Economics and the Rise in Gender-Related Research
Francisca M. Antman, Kirk Doran, Xuechao Qian, Bruce A. Weinberg
forthcoming in: AEA Papers and Proceedings
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16977
The Parental Wage Gap and the Development of Socio-Emotional Skills in Children
Paul Hufe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16973
The Economic Consequences of Being Widowed by War: A Life-Cycle Perspective
Sebastian Till Braun, Jan Stuhler
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 16973
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16966
Changing Fertility and Heterogeneous Motherhood Effects: Revisiting the Effects of a Parental Benefits Reform
Bernd Fitzenberger, Arnim Seidlitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16959
Is There Really a Child Penalty in the Long Run? New Evidence from IVF Treatments
Petter Lundborg, Erik Plug, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16955
Are Parents an Obstacle to Gender-Atypical Occupational Choices?
Stefan C. Wolter, Thea Zöllner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16954
Honesty of Groups: Effects of Size and Gender Composition
Gerd Muehlheusser, Timo Promann, Andreas Roider, Niklas Wallmeier
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16950
What Works in Supporting Women-Led Businesses?
Diego Ubfal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16941
Do Female–Owned Employment Agencies Mitigate Discrimination and Expand Opportunity for Women?
Jennifer Hunt, Carolyn Moehling
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16936
Demography, Human Capital Investment, and Lifetime Earnings for Women and Men
Joyce P. Jacobsen, Melanie Khamis, Mutlu Yuksel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16918
Gender Differences in Graduate Degree Choices
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16908
Mom's Out: Employment after Childbirth and Firm-Level Responses
Francesca Carta, Alessandra Casarico, Marta De Philippis, Salvatore Lattanzio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16896
The Gender Division of Work across Countries
Charles Gottlieb, Cheryl Doss, Douglas Gollin, Markus Poschke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16890
There and Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs
Annette Bergemann, Stephan Brunow, Isabel Stockton
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16875
Longer Working Hours and Maternal Mental Health: A Comparison of Single vs. Partnered Mothers
Julija Simpson, John Wildman, Clare Bambra, Heather Brown
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