IZA Discussion Papers

published as 'Early-Life Circumstances and Racial Disparities in Cognition Among Older Adults in the US' in: JAMA Internal Medicine, 2024, 184 (8), 904-914

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17024

Live Longer and Healthier: Impact of Pension Income for Low-Income Retirees

Chiara Malavasi, Han Ye

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17009

Young versus Old Politicians in Local Politics

Thushyanthan Baskaran, Zohal Hessami, Sebastian Schirner

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2024, 225, 88-106

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16997

Children's Residential Proximity, Spousal Presence and Dementia Risk

Zhuoer Lin, Xuecheng Yin, Becca R. Levy, Yue Yuan, Xi Chen

published as 'Association of Children's Residential Proximity and Spousal Presence with Lower Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment' in: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2024, 32 (10), 1187-1199

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16838

Healthcare Quality and Dementia Risk

José M. Aravena, Xi Chen, Becca R. Levy

published as 'Association between experiencing low healthcare quality and developing dementia' in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2024, 72 (7), 2126-2132

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16819

Behavioural Responses to Disability Insurance Generosity in a Work-Compatibility Setting

Francesca Zantomio, Michele Belloni, Vincenzo Carrieri, Elena Farina, Irene Simonetti

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16804

The Subsidy Trap: Explaining the Unsatisfactory Effectiveness of Hiring Subsidies for the Senior Unemployed

Axana Dalle, Elsy Verhofstadt, Stijn Baert

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 227, 106713

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16764

Childhood Circumstances and Health of American and Chinese Older Adults: A Machine Learning Evaluation of Inequality of Opportunity in Health

Shutong Huo, Derek Feng, Thomas M. Gill, Xi Chen

published in: China CDC Weekly, 2024, 6 (11), 213-218

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16733

Early Life Exposure to the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) and the Health of Older Adults in China: A Meta-Analysis (2008–2023)

Chi Shen, Xi Chen

published in: China CDC Weekly, 2024, 6(11), 203-207

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16672

Nothing Really Matters: Evaluating Demand-Side Moderators of Age Discrimination in Hiring

Axana Dalle, Louis Lippens, Stijn Baert

published online in: Social-Economic Review, 27 November 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16620

Unexpected Inheritances and Household Labor Supply: Does the Identity of the Recipient Matter?

Ignacio Belloc, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla

published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2025, 71 (1), e12723

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16615

The "Demise of the Caregiving Daughter"? Gender Employment Gaps and the Use of Formal and Informal Care in Europe

Eric Bonsang, Joan Costa-Font

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16558

How and Why the Gender Pension Gap in Urban China Decreased between 1988 and 2018

Björn Anders Gustafsson, Peng Zhang, Hanrui Jia

published in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2025, 73 (2), 651–678

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16557

Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice, and If So Why?

Mette Gørtz, Sarah Sander, Almudena Sevilla

published as 'Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice?' in: European Economic Review, 2025, 172, 104942

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16545

Occupational Differences in the Effects of Retirement on Hospitalizations for Mental Illness among Female Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data in China

Tianyu Wang, Ruochen Sun, Jody L. Sindelar, Xi Chen

published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024 , 53, 101367

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16411

The Growing Gap of Unmet Need: Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in 31 Countries

Yuting Qian, Shanquan Chen, Zhuoer Lin, Zexuan Yu, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaohui Hou, Xi Chen

also available as 'Silver Opportunity : Case Studies - The Growing Gap of Unmet Need : Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in Thirty-One Countries', World Bank Report, 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16357

Immigration Enforcement and the Institutionalization of Elderly Americans

Abdulmohsen Almuhaisen, Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Delia Furtado

published in: Journal of Health Economoics, 2024, 94, 102859

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16217

Disability, Gender and Hiring Discrimination: A Field Experiment

Vegar Bjørnshagen, Dan-Olof Rooth, Elisabeth Ugreninov

published online in: European Societies, 01 January 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16209

Health and Wellbeing Spillovers of a Partner's Cancer Diagnosis

Viola Angelini, Joan Costa-Font

published in: Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, 2023, 212, 422 - 437

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16165

Patient versus Provider Incentives in Long-Term Care

Martin B. Hackmann, Vincent Pohl, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (3), 178–218

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16124

Long-Run Consequences of Informal Elderly Care and Implications of Public Long-Term Care Insurance

Thorben Korfhage, Björn Fischer

published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 96, 102884

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16116

'Earned, Not Given'? The Effect of Lowering the Full Retirement Age on Retirement Decisions

Mathias Dolls, Carla Krolage

revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics; 2023, 223, 104909

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16100

Disability and Labor Market Performance

Matthias Collischon, Karolin Hiesinger, Laura Pohlan

revised version published online as 'Disability Onset and Labor Market Outcomes ' in: Socio-Economic Review, 10 April 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16073

Happiness in Old Age: The Daughter Connection

Pataporn Sukontamarn, Niaz Asadullah, Nopphawan Photphisutthiphong, Yen Thi Hai Nguyen

published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2023, 24, 1729–1757

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16057

A Poisoned Gift? The Hireability Signals of an Income-Support Program for the Senior Unemployed

Axana Dalle, Philippe Sterkens, Stijn Baert

published in: JODE Journal of Demographic Economics, 2024, 90 (4), 553-588

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16004

Trends in Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Disability and Social Support among U.S. Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Living Alone, 2000–2018

Shanquan Chen, Huanyu Zhang, Benjamin R. Underwood, Dan Wang, Xi Chen, Rudolf N. Cardinal

published in: Innovation in Aging, 2023, 7 (4), igad028

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15998

The Health-Consumption Effects of Increasing Retirement Age Late in the Game

Eve Caroli, Catherine Pollak, Muriel Roger

published in: Economie et Statistique/Economics and Statistics, 2023, 538, 49-67

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15981

Blowin' in the Wind of an Invisible Killer: Long-Term Exposure to Ozone and Respiratory Mortality in the United States

Ziheng Liu, Xi Chen, Qinan Lu

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 53 (2025)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15972

Temperature and Low-Stakes Cognitive Performance

Xin Zhang, Xi Chen, Xiaobo Zhang

published in: Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2024, 11 (1), 75–96

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15934

Cognitive Misperception and Chronic Disease Awareness: Evidence from Blood Biomarker Data

Zhuoer Lin, Mingqi Fu, Xi Chen

published as 'Self-perceived memory is negatively associated with chronic disease awareness: Evidence from blood biomarker data' in: SSM - Population Health, 2023, 22, 101361

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15875

Training in Late Careers: A Structural Approach

Teresa Backhaus

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15797

The Effects of Employers' Disability and Unemployment Insurance Costs on Benefit Inflows

Tomi Kyyrä, Juha Tuomala

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 102434

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15755

Telework during the Pandemic: Patterns, Challenges, and Opportunities for People with Disabilities

Mason Ameri, Douglas L. Kruse, So Ri Park, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers, Lisa Schur

published in: Disability and Health Journal, 2023, 16 (2), 101406

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15742

Do Pension Benefits Accelerate Cognitive Decline? Evidence from Rural China

Plamen Nikolov, Md Shahadath Hossain

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 205, 594 - 617

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15726

The Effects of a Disability Employment Quota When Compliance Is Cheaper than Defiance

Judit Krekó, Álmos Telegdy

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15709

Geographic Variation in Inpatient Care Utilization, Outcomes and Costs for Dementia Patients in China

Zhuoer Lin, Fang Ba, Heather Allore, Gordon G. Liu, Xi Chen

published in: China CDC Weekly, 2022, 4 (45), 997-1001

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15644

Long Social Distancing

José María Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15643

Temporal Discounting in Later Life

Ellam Kulati, Michal Myck, Giacomo Pasini

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2023, 213, 87-101

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15623

Job Preferences of Aged Care Workers in Australia: Results from a Discrete Choice Experiment

Kostas Mavromaras, Linda Isherwood, Stephane Mahuteau, Julie Ratcliffe, Lily Xiao, Ann Harrington, Zhang Wei

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15577

The Effect of Removing Early Retirement on Mortality

Cristina Bellés Obrero, Sergi Jimenez-Martin, Han Ye

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15567

A Field Study of Age Discrimination in the Workplace: The Importance of Gender and Race. Pay the Gap

Nick Drydakis, Anna Paraskevopoulou, Vasiliki Bozani

published in: Employee Relations, 2023, 45 (2), 304-327

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15511

Early Life Circumstances and the Health of Older Adults: A Research Note

Xi Chen

published as 'The path to healthy ageing in China: a Peking University–Lancet Commission' in :The Lancet Commission Report, 2022, 400 (10367), P1967 - 2006

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15495

Homeownership and the Perception of Material Security in Old Age

Claudius Garten, Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska

published online in: Applied Economics, 12 June 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15471

Long-Term Services and Supports and Disease Management among Older Chinese Adults in Different Stages of Cognitive Impairment

Zhuoer Lin, Xi Chen

published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2022, 23, 100405.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15457

Does It Matter Who Cares for You? The Effect of Substituting Informal with Formal Personal Care on the Care Recipients' Health

Bruce Hollingsworth, Asako Ohinata, Matteo Picchio, Ian Walker

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15432

Reaping the Rewards Later: How Education Improves Old-Age Cognition in South Africa

Plamen Nikolov, Steve Yeh

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15371

Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities at Older Ages: Causal Evidence from Nonparametric Bounds

Vikesh Amin, Jere R. Behrman, Jason M. Fletcher, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hans-Peter Kohler

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15339

Caregiving Subsidies and Spousal Early Retirement Intentions

Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto

published in: Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 2023, 22 (4), 550-589

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15327

Leaving the Labor Market Early in Sweden – Learning from International Experience

Mats Bengtsson, Stefanie König, Simon Schönbeck, Eskil Wadensjö

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15272

Older Mothers' Employment and Marriage Stability When the Nest Is Empty

Hippolyte D'Albis, Karina Doorley, Elena G. F. Stancanelli

published in: Molina, J.A. (eds), Mothers in the Labor Market, Springer, 2022, 247 - 269

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15227

Patterns of Time Use among Older People

Maddalena Ferranna, J.P. Sevilla, Leo Zucker, David E. Bloom

published in: David E. Bloom, Alfonso Sousa-Poza and Uwe Sunde (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Ageing, Routledge, London, 2023

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15094

Early Life Access to Polio Vaccines and Declining Disability Rates in India

Mayanka Ambade, Nidhiya Menon, S. V. Subramanian

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15092

American Older Adults in the Time of COVID-19: Vulnerability Types, Aging Attitudes, and Emotional Responses

Mingqi Fu, Jing Guo, Xi Chen, Boxun Han, Farooq Ahmed, Muhammad Shahid, Qilin Zhang

published in: Frontiers in Public Health, 2022, 9, 778084

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15007

Impacts of State Paid Family Leave Policies for Older Workers with Spouses or Parents in Poor Health

Breno Braga, Barbara A. Butrica, Stipica Mudrazija, H.E. Peters

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14966

The State of Hiring Discrimination: A Meta-Analysis of (Almost) All Recent Correspondence Experiments

Louis Lippens, Siel Vermeiren, Stijn Baert

revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 151, 104315

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14922

The Effect of Age Diversity in Groups on Peer Evaluations and Individual Performance

Katja Görlitz, Tim Sels

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14893

The Effects of an Increase in the Retirement Age on Health – Evidence from Administrative Data

Mara Barschkett, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid

published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2022, 23, 100403

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14882

Older Immigrants' New Poverty Risk in Scandinavian Welfare States?

Björn Anders Gustafsson, Vibeke Jakobsen, Hanna Mac Innes, Peder J. Pedersen, Torun Österberg

published in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2022, 48 (19), 4648 - 4669

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14881

Home Alone: Widows' Well-Being and Time

Maja Adena, Daniel S. Hamermesh, Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska

revised version published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2023, 24, 813 - 838

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14795

Does Grandparenting Pay off for the Next Generations? Intergenerational Effects of Grandparental Care

Mara Barschkett, C. Katharina Spieß, Elena Ziege

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14602

Retirement and Health Outcomes in a Meta-Analytical Framework

Mattia Filomena, Matteo Picchio

published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2023, 37 (4), 1120-1155

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14574

Health, Retirement and Economic Shocks

Mario Martinez-Jimenez, Bruce Hollingsworth, Eugenio Zucchelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14564

Do State Snap Policies Influence Program Participation among Seniors?

Jordan Jones, Charles Courtemanche, Augustine Denteh, James Marton, Rusty Tchernis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14542

Menopause as a Regulatory Device for Matching the Demand for Children with Its Supply: A Hypothesis

Oded Stark

published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2021, 42, 101001.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14469

Pension Incentives and Labor Supply: Evidence from the Introduction of Universal Old-Age Assistance in the UK

Matthias Giesecke, Philipp Jaeger

published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2021, 203, 104516

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14416

Parental Disability and Teenagers' Time Allocation

Charlene M. Kalenkoski, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia

published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2023, 21 (4), 1379-1407

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14343

Widows' Time, Time Stress and Happiness: Adjusting to Loss

Daniel S. Hamermesh, Michal Myck, Monika Oczkowska

published as 'Widows' Time: Adjusting to Loss' in: Research in Labor Economics, 2023, 50, 369-396

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14294

Working Beyond the Normal Retirement Age in Urban China and Urban Russia

Björn Anders Gustafsson, Ludmila Nivorozhkina, Haiyuan Wan

published in: IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 2021, 12 (1)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14282

Can Older Workers Be Retrained? Canadian Evidence from Worker-Firm Linked Data

Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Byron Lee

published in: Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations, 2021, 76 (3), 429-453.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14165

The Economic Status of People with Disabilities and Their Families since the Great Recession

Leila Bengali, Mary C. Daly, Olivia Lofton, Robert G. Valletta

published in: Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2021, 695 (1), 123 - 142

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14161

Adverse Childhood Circumstances and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Lower Level or Faster Decline?

Zhuoer Lin, Xi Chen

published in: SSM - Population Health, 2021, 14, 100767

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14150

Increasing the Effective Retirement Age: Key Factors and Interaction Effects

Tilbe Atav, Egbert L. W. Jongen, Simon Rabat

published as 'Increasing the Retirement Age: Policy Effects and Underlying Mechanisms' in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2024, 16 (1), 259-291.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14098

Cognitive Impairment and Prevalence of Memory-Related Diagnoses among U.S. Older Adults

Yuting Qian, Xi Chen, Diwen Tang, Amy S. Kelley, Jing Li

published as 'Prevalence of Memory-Related Diagnoses Among U.S. Older Adults With Early Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment' in: Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 2021, 76 (10), 1846 - 1853

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14081

The Effect of Grandchildren on the Happiness of Grandparents: Does the Grandparent's Child's Gender Matter?

Eiji Yamamura, Giorgio Brunello

published in: Asian Economic Journal, 2023, 37 (2), 149 - 163

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13949

Elderly's Mobility to and from Work in the US: Metropolitan Status and Population Size

José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13939

How Effective are Matching Schemes in Enticing Low-income Earners to Save More for Retirement? Evidence from a National Scheme

Marc K. Chan, Cain Polidano, Ha Vu, Roger Wilkins, Andrew Carter, Hang To

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13876

Pension and Health Services Utilization: Evidence from Social Pension Expansion in China