The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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474 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11748
A Database on the Passage and Enactment of Recent State Minimum Wage Increases
Jeffrey Clemens, Duncan Hobbs, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11738
Occupational Classifications: A Machine Learning Approach
Akina Ikudo, Julia Lane, Joseph Staudt, Bruce A. Weinberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11704
How Demanding Are Activation Requirements for Jobseekers?
Herwig Immervoll, Carlo Knotz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11666
Caseworker's Discretion and the Effectiveness of Welfare-to-Work Programs
Jonneke Bolhaar, Nadine Ketel, Bas van der Klaauw
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2020, 183, 104080
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11510
Live Longer, Work Longer: The Changing Nature of the Labour Market for Older Workers in OECD Countries
John P. Martin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11495
Taxation, Work and Gender Equality in Ireland
Karina Doorley
published in: Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, 2017-18, 47, 71-87
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11427
Minimum Wage Analysis Using a Pre-Committed Research Design: Evidence through 2016
Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11344
A Comparative Analysis of the Labour Market Performance of University-Educated Immigrants in Australia, Canada, and the United States: Does Policy Matter?
Andrew Clarke, Ana Ferrer, Mikal Skuterud
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2019, 37 (S2), S443–S490
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11167
New Approaches to the Study of Long-Term Non-Employment Duration in Italy, Germany and Spain
Bruno Contini, J. Ignacio Garcia Perez, Toralf Pusch, Roberto Quaranta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11111
Union Density, Productivity and Wages
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (631), 1898 - 1936
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11107
More Education, Less Volatility? The Effect of Education on Earnings Volatility over the Life Cycle
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2019, 37 (1), 101-137
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11092
Microdata for Social Sciences and Policy Evaluation as a Public Good
Ugo Trivellato
published in: Crato N. and P. Paruolo (eds,), Data-driven Policy Impact Evaluation: How Microdata is Transforming Policy Design, Springer, 2019, 27- 45
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11052
Comparing Retrospective and Panel Data Collection Methods to Assess Labor Market Dynamics
Ragui Assaad, Caroline Krafft, Shaimaa Yassin
published in: Journal of Youth Studies, 2020, 24 (2),186-212
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11039
Active Labour Market Programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from a Meta Analysis
Veronica Escudero, Jochen Kluve, Elva López Mourelo, Clemente Pignatti
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2019, 55 (12), 2644 - 2661
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10976
Gender, Willingness to Compete and Career Choices along the Whole Ability Distribution
Thomas Buser, Noemi Peter, Stefan C. Wolter
revised version published as 'Willingness to compete, gender and career choices along the whole ability distribution' in: Experimental Economics, 2022, 25, 1299 - 1326
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10966
The Impact of the Action Plan for Promoting Employment and Combating Unemployment on Employment Informality in Algeria
Ali Souag, Ragui Assaad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10950
(How) Do Non-Cognitive Skills Programs Improve Adolescent School Achievement? Experimental Evidence
Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10920
The Impacts of Reduced Access to Abortion and Family Planning Services: Evidence from Texas
Stefanie Fischer, Heather Royer, Corey White
published as 'The impacts of reduced access to abortion and family planning services on abortions, births, and contraceptive purchases' in: Journal of Public Economics, 2018, 165, 43 - 68
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10842
The Difficult School-To-Work Transition of High School Dropouts: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Pierre Cahuc, Stéphane Carcillo, Andreea Minea
pubished in: Journal of Human Resources, 2021, 56 (1), 159-183
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10827
Equilibrium Search and the Impact of Equal Opportunities for Women
Melvyn Coles, Marco Francesconi
revised version published as 'Equilibrium Search with Multiple Attributes and the Impact of Equal Opportunities for Women' in: Journal of Political Economy, 2019, 127 (1), 138-162
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10797
Adults Behaving Badly: The Effects of Own and Peer Parents' Incarceration on Adolescent Criminal Activities
Jason M. Fletcher
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10734
Demographic Aging and Employment Dynamics in German Regions: Modeling Regional Heterogeneity
Thomas de Graaff, Daniel Arribas-Bel, Ceren Ozgen
published in: Stough, R. et al. (eds.): Modelling Aging and Migration Effects on Spatial Labour Markets, Springer, 2018, 211 - 231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10728
Explaining Non-Employment Magnitude and Duration: The Case of Italy
Bruno Contini, Roberto Quaranta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10655
How Effective Are Active Labor Market Policies in Developing Countries? A Critical Review of Recent Evidence
David McKenzie
published in: World Bank Research Observer, 2017, 32(2), 127-54
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10653
The Bilateral Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Employment Status
Melisa Bubonya, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, David C. Ribar
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2019, 35, 96-106
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10565
Money Counts, but So Does Timing: Public Investment and Adult Competencies
Alison Cathles, Jo Ritzen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10559
The Effect of Fertility on Mothers' Labor Supply over the Last Two Centuries
Daniel Aaronson, Rajeev Dehejia, Andrew Jordan, Cristian Pop-Eleches, Cyrus Samii, Karl Schulze
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10512
Immigration Restrictions as Active Labor Market Policy: Evidence from the Mexican Bracero Exclusion
Michael A. Clemens, Ethan Gatewood Lewis, Hannah M. Postel
published in: American Economic Review, 2018, 108 (6), 1468–1487.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10511
The Dog That Barks Doesn't Bite: Coverage and Compliance of Sectoral Minimum Wages in Italy
Andrea Garnero
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10488
Early Cannabis Use and School to Work Transition of Young Men
Jenny Williams, Jan C. van Ours
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10453
Workplaces, Low Pay and the Gender Earnings Gap in Britain
Tim Butcher, Karen A. Mumford, Peter N. Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10411
Your Spouse Is Fired! How Much Do You Care?
Milena Nikolova, Sinem H. Ayhan
revised version published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2018, 32, 799- 844
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10403
Replication in Labor Economics: Evidence from Data, and What It Suggests
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published in: American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings 2017, 107 (5), 37–40
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10400
A Guide and Advice for Economists on the U.S. Junior Academic Job Market: 2016–2017 Edition
John Cawley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10321
Active Labor Market Policies
Bruno Crépon, Gerard J. van den Berg
published in: Annual Review of Economics, 8 2016, 521-546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10293
Collective Bargaining and the Evolution of Wage Inequality in Italy
Francesco Devicienti, Bernardo Fanfani, Agata Maida
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2019, 57 (2), 377-407
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10098
Minimum Wage Violation in Central and Eastern Europe
Karolina Goraus-Tanska, Piotr Lewandowski
published in: International Labour Review, 2019, 158(2), 297-336
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10074
The Effect of Occupational Licensing on Consumer Welfare: Early Midwifery Laws and Maternal Mortality
D. Mark Anderson, Ryan Brown, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Daniel I. Rees
published as ' Occupational Licensing and Maternal Health: Evidence from Early Midwifery Laws' in: Journal of Political Economy, 2020, 128, 4337-4383.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10072
The Demand for Season of Birth
Damian Clarke, Sonia Oreffice, Climent Quintana-Domeque
revised version published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2019, 34, 707-72
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10058
Towards a Theory of Life Satisfaction Accounting for Stability, Change and Volatility in 25-Year Life Trajectories in Germany
Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10014
Impacts from Delaying Access to Retirement Benefits on Welfare Receipt and Expenditure: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Umut Oguzoglu, Cain Polidano, Ha Vu
published in: Economic Record, 2020, 96 (312), 65–86
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9966
Evaluating Labour Market Policy
Werner Eichhorst, Regina Konle-Seidl
published in: Bent Greve (ed.), Handbook of Social Policy Evaluation, 2017, Chapter 18
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9954
Faces of Joblessness: Characterising Employment Barriers to Inform Policy
Rodrigo Fernandez, Herwig Immervoll, Daniele Pacifico, Céline Thévenot
also available as OECD Social, Employment and Migration Paper
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9952
Euro, Crisis and Unemployment: Youth Patterns, Youth Policies?
Atanu Ghoshray, Javier Ordóñez, Hector Sala
published in: Economic Modelling, 2016, 58, 442-453.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9923
Labour Productivity in Kenyan Manufacturing and Service Industries
Almas Heshmati, Masoomeh Rashidghalam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9888
Multifaceted Aid for Low-Income Students and College Outcomes: Evidence from North Carolina
Charles T. Clotfelter, Steven W. Hemelt, Helen F. Ladd
published in: Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 278-303.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9824
Moral-Hazard-Free First-Best Unemployment Insurance
Donald O. Parsons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9823
The Simple Analytics of Job Displacement Insurance
Donald O. Parsons
published in: Journal of Risk and Insurance, 2019, 86 (2), 351 - 380
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9819
Old?Age Employment and Hours of Work Trends: Empirical Analysis for Four European Countries
Arjeta Aliaj, Xavier Flawinne, Alain Jousten, Sergio Perelman, Lin Shi
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Studies 2016, 5, 16 (2016)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9786
Job-Search Periods for Welfare Applicants: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment
Jonneke Bolhaar, Nadine Ketel, Bas van der Klaauw
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019, 11(1), 92-125
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9784
Long Run Effects of Youth Training Programs: Experimental Evidence from Argentina
María Laura Alzúa, Guillermo Cruces, Carolina Lopez
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2016, 54 (4), 1839 - 1859
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9777
Can Fixed-Term Contracts Put Low Skilled Youth on a Better Career Path? Evidence from Spain
J. Ignacio Garcia Perez, Ioana E. Marinescu, Judit Vall Castello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9752
The Evolution of Social Mobility: Norway over the 20th Century
Tuomas Pekkarinen, Kjell G. Salvanes, Matti Sarvimäki
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2017, 119(1): 5–33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9646
Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness of Social Public Procurement Policy: The Case of the Swiss Apprenticeship Training System
Mirjam Strupler Leiser, Stefan C. Wolter
published in: Labour, 2017, 31 (2), 204-222
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9632
Seniority Rules, Worker Mobility and Wages: Evidence from Multi-Country Linked Employer-Employee Data
Petri Böckerman, Per Skedinger, Roope Uusitalo
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 51, 48-62
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9593
Citations in Economics: Measurement, Uses and Impacts
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2018, 56, 111 - 156
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9575
The Effectiveness of Early Vacancy Information in the Presence of Monitoring and ALMP
Ricarda Schmidl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9487
The Demand for, and Impact of, Youth Internships: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Yemen
David McKenzie, Nabila Assaf, Ana Paula Cusolito
published in: IZA Journal of Labor and Development, 5:1, 2016
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9346
Simple Tests for Selection Bias: Learning More from Instrumental Variables
Dan A. Black, Joonhwi Joo, Robert J. LaLonde, Jeffrey A. Smith, Evan J. Taylor
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102237
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9254
Wage Compression within the Firm
Marco Leonardi, Michele Pellizzari, Domenico Tabasso
published in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129, 3256-3291.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9236
What Works? A Meta Analysis of Recent Active Labor Market Program Evaluations
David Card, Jochen Kluve, Andrea Weber
revised version published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2018, 16 (3), 894 - 931
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9227
Poor Little Rich Kids? The Determinants of the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth
Sandra E. Black, Paul J. Devereux, Petter Lundborg, Kaveh Majlesi
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2020, 87 (4), 1683–1725.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9204
Minimum Wages in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Primer
Haroon Bhorat, Ravi Kanbur, Benjamin Stanwix
published in: World Bank Observer, 2017, 32 (1), 21 - 74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9178
On the Origins of Risk-Taking
Sandra E. Black, Paul J. Devereux, Petter Lundborg, Kaveh Majlesi
published as 'On the Origins of Risk-Taking in Financial Markets' in: Journal of Finance, 2017, 72 (5), 2229 - 2278
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9149
Fairness and Frictions: The Impact of Unequal Raises on Quit Behavior
Arindrajit Dube, Laura Giuliano, Jonathan Leonard
published in: American Economic Review, 2019, 109 (2), 620 - 663
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9148
Dismissal Disputes and Endogenous Sorting
Pietro Garibaldi, Gerard A. Pfann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9133
Estimating the External Returns to Education: Evidence from China
Wen Fan, Yuanyuan Ma, Liming Wang
published in: Asian Economic Papers, 2015, 14 (3), 88-104
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9128
The Effect of a Sibling's Gender on Earnings, Education and Family Formation
Noemi Peter, Petter Lundborg, Dinand Webbink
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 54, 61-78
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9112
Do the Unemployed Accept Jobs Too Quickly? A Comparison with Employed Job Seekers
Simonetta Longhi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9092
The Effect of Changes in the Statutory Minimum Working Age on Educational, Labor and Health Outcomes
Sergi Jimenez-Martin, Judit Vall Castello, Elena del Rey
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9072
The Rising Cost of Child Care in the United States: A Reassessment of the Evidence
Chris M. Herbst
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2018, 64, 13-30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8919
United, Yet Apart? A Note on Persistent Labour Market Differences between Western and Eastern Germany
Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik), 2016, 236 (2), 157-180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8899
The Internet as a Data Source for Advancement in Social Sciences
Nikos Askitas, Klaus F. Zimmermann
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2015, 36 (1), 2 - 12.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8829
The Objective Measurement of World-Leading Research
Andrew J. Oswald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8828
Age, Cohort and Co-Authorship
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published in: M. Szenberg and L. Ramrattan (eds.): Collaborative Research in Economis, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, 65 - 93
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8825
The Earnings Returns to Graduating with Honors: Evidence from Law Graduates
Ronny Freier, Mathias Schumann, Thomas Siedler
published in: Labour Economics, 2015, 34, 39-50
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8678
Locus of Control and the Labor Market
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 4:3,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8672
An Analysis of Sibling Correlations in Health Using Latent Variable Models
Timothy J. Halliday, Bhashkar Mazumder
published in: Health Economics, 2017, 26 (12), e108-e12
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8665
Two-way Causation in Life Satisfaction Research: Structural Equation Models with Granger-Causation
Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels
published in: Social Indicators Research, 2016, 129, 937 - 960
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8518
Testing the Importance of Search Frictions, Matching, and Reservation Prestige Through Randomized Experiments in Jordan
Matthew Groh, David McKenzie, Nour Shammout, Tara Vishwanath
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 4:7
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8512
The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias: Will the Real Unemployment Rate Please Stand Up?
Alan B. Krueger, Alexandre Mas, Xiaotong Niu
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2017, 99 (2), 258 - 264
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8487
Locus of Control and Its Intergenerational Implications for Early Childhood Skill Formation
Warn N. Lekfuangfu, Francesca Cornaglia, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Nele Warrinnier
published in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128(608), 298-329
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8428
A Guide and Advice for Economists on the U.S. Junior Academic Job Market: 2014-2015 Edition
John Cawley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8423
Long Workweeks and Strange Hours
Daniel S. Hamermesh, Elena G. F. Stancanelli
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2015, 68 (5), 1007-1018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8413
Too Many Graduates? An Application of the Gottschalk-Hansen Model to Young British Graduates between 2001-2010
Nigel C. O'Leary, Peter J. Sloane
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2016, 68 (4), 945-967.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8407
Labour Market Progression of Canadian Immigrant Women
Alicia Adsera, Ana Ferrer
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 39, 88 - 98
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8394
One-Child Policy and the Rise of Man-Made Twins
Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Yaohui Zhao
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016, 93 (3), 467 -476
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8385
Reassessing Labour Market Reforms: A Critique
Pramod N. (Raja) Junankar, Muhunthan Jayanthakumaran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8372
Employment Industry and Occupational Continuity in Germany: From the Nazi Regime to the Post-War Economic Miracle
Patrick A. Puhani
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2015, 22(8), 603-612
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8263
Behavioural Labour Economics: Advances and Future Directions
Thomas Dohmen
published in: Labour Economics, 2014, 30, 71-85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8240
Impacts of Unionization on Quality and Productivity: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Nursing Homes
Aaron Sojourner, Brigham R. Frandsen, Robert J. Town, David C. Grabowski, Michelle M. Chen
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2015, 68 (4), 771 - 806
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8226
Migration, Education and the Gender Gap in Labour Force Participation
Ilhom Abdulloev, Ira N. Gang, Myeong-Su Yun
published in: European Journal of Development Research, 2014, 26 (4), 509–526
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8223
Job Displacement Insurance: An Overview
Donald O. Parsons
published in: J. Wright (ed.): International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed., 2015, 12. Oxford, 819-832
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8209
Tackling Social Exclusion: Evidence from Chile
Pedro Carneiro, Emanuela Galasso, Rita Ginja
published in: Economic Journal, 2019, 129 (617), 172-208.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8196
Local Funds and Political Competition: Evidence from the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in India
Bhanu Gupta, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2016, 41 (1), 14-30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8192
Skills and Youth Entrepreneurship in Africa: Analysis with Evidence from Swaziland
Zuzana Brixiova Schwidrowski, Mthuli Ncube, Zorobabel Bicaba
revised version published in: World Development, 2015, 67 (3), 11 - 26
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8141
Door Opener or Waste of Time? The Effects of Student Internships on Labor Market Outcomes
Nils Saniter, Thomas Siedler
revised version published as 'Do Internships Pay Off? The Effects of Student Internships on Earnings' in: Journal of Human Resources, 2022, 57 (4), 1242-1275 (joint with Shushanik Margaryan and Mathias Schumann)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8071
Roadblocks on the Road to Grandma's House: Fertility Consequences of Delayed Retirement
Erich Battistin, Michele De Nadai, Mario Padula
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8021
Procrastination, Academic Success and the Effectiveness of a Remedial Program
Maria De Paola, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2015, 115, 217–236
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7984
Do Migrants Send Remittances as a Way of Self-Insurance? Evidence from a Representative Immigrant Survey
Catia Batista, Janis Umblijs
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2016, 68 (1), 108-130.
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