The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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393 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17737
Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Examining Efficiency and Equity in Designing Summer Youth Employment Programs
Alicia Sasser Modestino, Mindy Marks, Hanna Hoover, Hitanshu Pandit
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17716
On a Transformation of the Gini Coefficient into a Well-Behaved Social Welfare Function
Oded Stark
published online in: Kyklos, 31 January 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17682
Artificial Intelligence, the Collapse of Consumer Society, and Oligarchy
Gilles Saint-Paul
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17629
Just Cheap Talk? Investigating Fairness Preferences in Hypothetical Scenarios
Paul Hufe, Daniel Weishaar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17586
Why Life Gets Better After Age 50, for Some: Mental Well-Being and the Social Norm of Work
Coen van de Kraats, Titus Galama, Maarten Lindeboom, Zichen Deng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17532
Hope, Noise, and the Efficiency of Perfect Meritocracy
Luca Beltrametti, Gabriele Cardullo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17512
Inequity Aversion in Subjective Evaluations: Evidence from Referees' Decisions in Soccer
Leo Morabito, Vincenzo Scoppa
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17458
How Business Income Measures Affect Income Inequality and the Tax Burden
Rolf Aaberge, Jorgen Heibo Modalsli, Marco Francesconi, Ola L. Vestad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17324
Wealth Creators or Inheritors? Unpacking the Gender Wealth Gap from Bottom to Top and Young to Old
Charlotte Bartels, Eva Sierminska, Carsten Schröder
published in: Economics Letters, 2025, 246, 111997
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17259
The Contribution of Employer Changes to Aggregate Wage Mobility
Nils Torben Hollandt, Steffen Müller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17243
CEO Pay Disclosure and Within-Firm Wage Inequality
Agata Maida, Vincenzo Pezone
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17203
Inherited Inequality: A General Framework and a 'Beyond-Averages' Application to South Africa
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Pedro Salas-Rojo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17201
Inequality Bands: Seventy-Five Years of Measuring Income Inequality in Latin America
Facundo Alvaredo, Francois Bourguignon, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Nora Lustig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17180
The Meritocratic Illusion: Inequality and the Cognitive Basis of Redistribution
Arthur Blouin, Anandi Mani, Sharun Mukand, Daniel Sgroi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17155
Inequality of Opportunity and Income Redistribution
Marcel Preuss, Germán Reyes, Jason Somerville, Joy Wu
forthcoming in: Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17115
The #Metoo Movement and Judges' Gender Gap in Decisions
Xiqian Cai, Shuai Chen, Zhengquan Cheng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17087
Do Beliefs in the Model Minority Stereotype Reduce Attention to Inequality That Adversely Affects Asian Americans?
Shuai Chen, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Juliane V. Wiese
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17010
The Modification of Social Space as a Tool for Lowering Social Stress
Oded Stark
published in: Economics & Human Biology. 2024, 53, 101349
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17002
The Merger of Populations as a Revision of Comparison Space: Repercussions for Social Stress and Income Inequality
Oded Stark, Wiktor Budzinski
published in: Economics Letters, 2024, 237, 111585
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16905
Gini Who? The Relationship between Inequality Perceptions and Life Satisfaction
Daniele Marchesi, Milena Nikolova, Viola Angelini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16865
The Missing Type: Where Are the Inequality Averse (Students)?
Thomas Epper, Julien Senn, Ernst Fehr
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16856
A Note on Sen's Representation of the Gini Coefficient: Revision and Repercussions
Oded Stark
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22, 1061–1067
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16803
Preferences over Relative Income within the Household
Johannes Hermle, Elena Herold, Nikolaus Hildebrand
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16794
Efficiency in Poverty Reduction: A State-Level Analysis for Bolivia
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Alejandro Puerta-Cuartas, Javier Beverinotti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16785
Parental Investments and Socio-Economic Gradients in Learning across European Countries
Pedro Carneiro, Hugo Reis, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16735
Social Security and Inequality in Belgium
Giulia Klinges, Alain Jousten, Mathieu Lefèbvre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16699
The Mismeasurement of Work Time: Implications for Wage Discrimination and Inequality
George J. Borjas, Daniel S. Hamermesh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16666
Measuring Income Inequality in Social Networks
Oded Stark, Jakub Bielawski, Fryderyk Falniowski
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22 (2), 333–356
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16640
Who Is in Favor of Affirmative Action? Representative Evidence from an Experiment and a Survey
Sabrina Herzog, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch, Chi Trieu, Jana Willrodt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16629
Health Inequality and Health Insurance Coverage: The United States and China Compared
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell, Xuezhu Shi
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024, 52, 101346
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16582
When Fairness Matters: Cross-Race Responses to Intentionally Fair Treatment
Matthew Harvey, David Nickerson, Abigail Wozniak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16561
Utilitarianism Is Implied by Social and Individual Dominance
Johan E. Gustafsson, Dean Spears, Stéphane Zuber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16535
The Fundamental Properties, Stability and Predictive Power of Distributional Preferences
Ernst Fehr, Thomas Epper, Julien Senn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16520
On the Origins of Socio-Economic Inequalities: Evidence from Twin Families
Paul Bingley, Lorenzo Cappellari, Konstantinos Tatsiramos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16488
Inequality of Opportunity in Wealth: Levels, Trends, and Drivers
Daniel Graeber, Viola Hilbert, Johannes König
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16465
Economic Mobility and Fairness in a Developing Country: Evidence from Peru
Juan Francisco Castro, Gustavo Yamada, Santiago Medina, Joaquin Armas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16464
Fairness and Inequality in Institution Formation
Julian Detemple, Michael Kosfeld
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16459
The Parenthood Penalty in Mental Health: Evidence from Austria and Denmark
Alexander Ahammer, Ulrich Glogowsky, Martin Halla, Timo Hener
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16422
Is There a 'New Consensus' on Inequality?
Francisco H. G. Ferreira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16338
Dark versus Light Personality Types and Moral Choice
David L. Dickinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16290
Are the Upwardly-Mobile More Left-Wing?
Andrew E. Clark, Maria Cotofan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16264
Covid-19 and Income Inequality in OECD Countries: A Methodological Comment
Oded Stark
published in: European Journal of Health Economics, 2023, 24, 1235–1237
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16179
When Fairness Is Not Enough: The Disproportionate Contributions of the Poor in a Collective Action Problem
Eugene Malthouse, Charlie Pilgrim, Thomas Hills, Daniel Sgroi
published in: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2023, 152 (11), 3229–3242
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16130
On a Tendency in Health Economics to Dwell on Income Inequality and Underestimate Social Stress
Oded Stark
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2023, 49, 101232
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16107
Minimum Wage and Tolerance for High Incomes
Andrea Fazio, Tommaso G. Reggiani
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 155, 104445
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16076
Correcting Racial Injustice: Forensic DNA Technology and the Exoneration of the Wrongfully Convicted
Rocco d'Este, Noam Yuchtman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15997
Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands
Daron Acemoglu, Hans R.A. Koster, Ceren Ozgen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15914
Decomposition of the Changes in Household Disposable Income Distribution in China
Chen Gong, Denisa Maria Sologon, Zina Nimeh, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15778
Counting Missing Women – A Reconciliation of the 'Flow Measure' and the 'Stock Measure'
Cara Ebert, Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15771
Promoting Equity through Equitable Risk Tradeoffs
Thomas J. Kniesner, W. Kip Viscusi
published in: Journal of Benefit Cost Analysis, 2023, 14 (1), 8-34
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15718
Hate in the Time of COVID-19: Racial Crimes against East Asians
Joel Carr, Jonathan James, Joanna Clifton-Sprigg, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15702
Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis
Miriam Koomen, Uschi Backes-Gellner
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102284
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15673
Income Misperception and Populism
Thilo N. H. Albers, Felix Kersting, Fabian Kosse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15590
Measuring Socially Appropriate Social Preferences
Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Andrea Robbett
published in: Games and Economic Behavior 2024, 147, 517 - 532
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15584
Choosing or Inheriting the Joneses: The Origins of Reference Groups
Martin Leites, Camila Paleo, Xavier Ramos, Gonzalo Salas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15569
The Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Inter-Generational Transmission of Working in Bureaucracy: Evidence from China
Shuai Chen, Erqi Ge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15539
Dreaming of a Brighter Future? The Impact of Economic Vulnerability on University Aspirations
Barry Watson, Nancy Kong, Shelley Phipps
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15329
Work Effort in the UK: Trends and Explanations
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, Almudena Sevilla
published as 'Trends in effort at work in the UK' in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2024, 76 (3), 628–646,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15238
Is the Price Right? The Role of Morals, Ideology, and Tradeoff Thinking in Explaining Reactions to Price Surges
Julio Elias, Nicola Lacetera, Mario Macis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15168
Housing Conditions and Health in Urban China
Lanlin Ding, Peng Nie, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
published in: Cities, 2024, 152, 105248.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15161
The Global Inequality Boomerang
Ravi Kanbur, Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez, Andy Sumner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15149
Multidimensional Equality of Opportunity in the United States
Paul Hufe, Martyna Kobus, Andreas Peichl, Paul Schüle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14969
Collective Negative Shocks and Preferences for Redistribution: Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis in Germany
Luna Bellani, Andrea Fazio, Francesco Scervini
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 68 (2-3), 509-533.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14925
Model-Based Recursive Partitioning to Estimate Unfair Health Inequalities in the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study
Paolo Brunori, Apostolos Davillas, Andrew M. Jones, Giovanna Scarchilli
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2022, 204, 543-565
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14874
Discrimination and Daycare Choice: Evidence from a Randomized Survey
Mongoljin Batsaikhan, Mette Gørtz, John Kennes, Ran Sun Lyng, Daniel Monte, Norovsambuu Tumennasan
published online in: Journal of Human Resources, 08 January 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14828
Dissecting Inequality-Averse Preferences
Marcelo Bergolo, Gabriel Burdin, Santiago Burone, Mauricio De Rosa, Matias Giaccobasso, Martin Leites
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2022, 200, 782-802
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14810
Some Welfare Economics of Working Time
Felix FitzRoy, Jim Jin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14790
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Socioeconomic Inequality in Psychological Distress in the UK: An Update
Xiaoying Gao, Apostolos Davillas, Andrew M. Jones
revised version published in : Health Economics, 2022, 31 (5), 912-920
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14779
The Right Person for the Right Job: Workers' Prosociality as a Screening Device
Maria Bigoni, Matteo Ploner, Thi-Thanh-Tam Vu
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2023, 212, 53 - 73
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14761
A Social-Psychological Reconstruction of Amartya Sen's Measures of Inequality and Social Welfare
Oded Stark, Wiktor Budzinski
published in: Kyklos, 2021, 74 (4), 552 - 566
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14689
The Roots of Inequality: Estimating Inequality of Opportunity from Regression Trees and Forests
Paolo Brunori, Paul Hufe, Daniel Gerszon Mahler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14680
Lower and Upper Bound Estimates of Inequality of Opportunity for Emerging Economies
Paul Hufe, Andreas Peichl, Daniel Weishaar
published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2022, 58, 395 - 427
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14656
Income and Views on Minimum Living Standards
David W. Johnston, Nidhiya Menon
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, 199, 18 - 34
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14578
Temporal Flexibility, Breaks at Work, and the Motherhood Wage Gap
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Almudena Sevilla
published in: J.A. Molina (ed.), Mothers in the Labor Market, Springer, 2022, 83-105
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14537
Unethical Decision Making and Sleep Restriction: Experimental Evidence
David L. Dickinson, David Masclet
revised version published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2023,141, 484-502.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14515
Foundations of Utilitarianism under Risk and Variable Population
Dean Spears, Stéphane Zuber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14485
Equality of Opportunity and the Expansion of Higher Education in the UK
Vincenzo Carrieri, Apostolos Davillas, Andrew M. Jones
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2023, 69 (4), 861-85.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14463
Inequality of Opportunity in Household Income, China 2002-2018
Xiuna Yang, Björn Anders Gustafsson, Terry Sicular
published in: China Economic Review, 2021, 69, 101684
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14347
Estimating Social Preferences Using Stated Satisfaction: Novel Support for Inequity Aversion
Lina Diaz, Daniel Houser, John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 155, 104436
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14222
A Soul's View of the Optimal Population Problem
David de la Croix, Matthias Doepke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14176
Moral Hazard Heterogeneity: Genes and Health Insurance Influence Smoking after a Health Shock
Pietro Biroli, Laura Zwyssig
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14100
Prioritarianism and Equality of Opportunity
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Vito Peragine
published in: Matthew Adler and Ole Norheim (eds.), Prioritarianism in Practice, Cambridge: CUP, 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14057
The First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Socioeconomic Inequality in Psychological Distress in the UK
Apostolos Davillas, Andrew M. Jones
revised version published in: Health Economics, 2021, 30 (7), 1668 - 1683
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14042
Technological Advance, Social Fragmentation and Welfare
Steven J. Bosworth, Dennis J. Snower
published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2024, 62, 197 - 232
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13910
Unmet Health Care Need and Income-Related Horizontal Equity in Access during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Apostolos Davillas, Andrew M. Jones
revised version published in: Health Economics, 2021, 30 (7), 1711 - 1716
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13877
Gender Economics: An Assessment
Almudena Sevilla
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2020, 36 (4), 725–742,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13761
An Adverse Social Welfare Effect of Quadruply Gainful Trade
Oded Stark, Grzegorz Kosiorowski
published in: East Asian Economic Review, 2020, 24 (3), 207-235
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13758
Discontinuous System of Allowances: The Response of Prosocial Health-Care Professionals
Helena Hernandez-Pizarro, Catia Nicodemo, Guillem López Casasnovas
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2021, 190, 104248
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13692
The Relationship between Subjective Wellbeing and Subjective Wellbeing Inequality: Taking Ordinality and Skewness Seriously
Arthur Grimes, Stephen P. Jenkins, Florencia Tranquilli
published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2023, 24, 309 - 330
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13675
Redistribution and Insurance in Welfare States around the World
Charlotte Bartels, Dirk Neumann
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2021, 123 (4), 1116 - 1158
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13662
An Economics-Based Rationale for the Rawlsian Social Welfare Program
Oded Stark
published in: Rodríguez, J.G. and Bishop, J.A. (eds), Inequality, Redistribution and Mobility, Bingley, 2020, 179-186
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13565
If (My) 6 Was (Your) 9: Reporting Heterogeneity in Student Evaluations of Teaching
Marco Bertoni, Enrico Rettore, Lorenzo Rocco
published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 89, 102567
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13549
Lives and Livelihoods: Estimates of the Global Mortality and Poverty Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Benoit Decerf, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Daniel Gerszon Mahler, Olivier Sterck
pubished in: World Development, 2021, 146, 105561
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13421
Inequality of Opportunity in Bodyweight among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A Distributional Approach
Peng Nie, Lanlin Ding, Andrew M. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13383
Moral Transgressions by Groups: What Drives Individual Voting Behavior?
Eberhard Feess, Florian Kerzenmacher, Gerd Muehlheusser
published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2023,140, 380 - 400
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13292
Ex Ante Inequality of Opportunity in Health among the Elderly in China: A Distributional Decomposition Analysis of Biomarkers
Lanlin Ding, Andrew M. Jones, Peng Nie
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2022, 68 (4), 922-950
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13250
COVID-19 Crisis Fuels Hostility against Foreigners
Vojtech Bartos, Michal Bauer, Jana Cahlíková, Julie Chytilová
revised version published as 'Covid-19 crisis and hostility against foreigners' in: European Economic Review, 2021, 137, 103818
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13222
The Insights and Illusions of Consumption Measurements
Erich Battistin, Michele De Nadai, Nandini Krishnan
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2023,161, 102991
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13202
Perceived Fairness and Consequences of Affirmative Action Policies
Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch, Chi Trieu, Jana Willrodt
published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (656), 3099 - 3135
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13179
Inequality and Panel Income Changes: Conditions for Possibilities and Impossibilities
Robert Duval Hernández, Gary S. Fields, George H. Jakubson
published as 'Inequality and Panel Income Changes: Conditions for Possibilities and Impossibilities' in: International Economic Review, 2023, 64 (1), 295-324.
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