The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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77 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18193
The Effects of Maternity Leave Benefits on Mothers and Children. A Reexamination
Otto Sevaldson Lillebø, Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17667
Using Machine Learning to Understand the Heterogeneous Earnings Effects of Exports
Johanna Muffert, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17651
Spatial Unit Roots in Regressions: A Practitioner's Guide and a Stata Package
Sascha O. Becker, P. David Boll, Hans-Joachim Voth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16714
Model Averaging and Double Machine Learning
Achim Ahrens, Christian B. Hansen, Mark E Schaffer, Thomas Wiemann
published in: Journal of Applied Economics, 2025, 40 (3), 249-269
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16508
Embrace the Noise: It Is OK to Ignore Measurement Error in a Covariate, Sometimes
Hao Dong, Daniel L. Millimet
published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 2025, 188 (2), 608–627
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16202
Fixed Effects and Causal Inference
Daniel L. Millimet, Marc Bellemare
forthcoming as 'On the (Mis)Use of the Fixed Effects Estimator' in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16127
The Worth of Cities in Germany
Katja Gehr, Michael P. Pflüger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15907
Synthetic Difference-in-Differences Estimation
Damian Clarke, Daniel Pailañir, Susan Athey, Guido W. Imbens
published in: Stata Journal, 2024, 24 (4), 557-598
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15510
Urban Resilience and Social Security Uptake: New Zealand Evidence from the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 Pandemic
William Cochrane, Jacques Poot, Matthew Roskruge
published in: Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 2023, 29 (2), 155-184
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15433
Unemployment and Health: A Meta-Analysis
Matteo Picchio, Michele Ubaldi
published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2024, 38 (4), 1437-1472
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14151
Mobile Internet Adoption in West Africa
Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa, Samantha Lach, Takaaki Masaki
published in: Technology in Society, 2022, 68, 101845
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13639
Optimal Model Selection in RDD and Related Settings Using Placebo Zones
Nathan Kettlewell, Peter Siminski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12920
VC - A Method For Estimating Time-Varying Coefficients in Linear Models
Ekkehart Schlicht
extended version published in: Journal of the Korean Statistical Society 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12892
Analysing Tax-Benefit Reforms in the Netherlands: Using Structural Models and Natural Experiments
Henk-Wim de Boer, Egbert L. W. Jongen
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36 (1), 179-209
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12127
Marginal Jobs and Job Surplus: A Test of the Efficiency of Separations
Simon Jäger, Benjamin Schoefer, Josef Zweimüller
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2023, 90 (3), 1265–1303
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11935
How Important Are Fixed Effects and Time Trends in Estimating Returns to Schooling? Evidence from a Replication of Jacobson, Lalonde and Sullivan, 2005
Susan Dynarski, Brian A. Jacob, Daniel Kreisman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11862
Mostly Harmless Simulations? On the Internal Validity of Empirical Monte Carlo Studies
Arun Advani, Toru Kitagawa, Tymon Sloczynski
published as 'Mostly Harmless Simulations? Using Monte Carlo Studies for Estimator Selection' in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2019, 34(6), 893–910
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11651
Public R&D Support and Firms' Performance: A Panel Data Study
Øivind Anti Nilsen, Arvid Raknerud, Diana-Cristina Iancu
published as 'Public R&D support and firm performance: A multivariate dose-response analysis' in: Research Policy, 2020, 49 (7), 104067.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11484
How Valid Are Synthetic Panel Estimates of Poverty Dynamics?
Nicolas Herault, Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2019, 17 (1), 51 - 76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11425
The Sensitivity of Structural Labor Supply Estimations to Modeling Assumptions
Max Löffler, Andreas Peichl, Sebastian Siegloch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11405
Upward and Downward Bias When Measuring Inequality of Opportunity
Paolo Brunori, Vito Peragine, Laura Serlenga
published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2019, 52 (4), 635 - 661
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11247
Nature of the Relationship between Minimum Wage and the Shadow Economy Size: An Empirical Analysis for the Case of Romania
Adriana Anamaria Davidescu, Friedrich Schneider
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10867
Assessing the Impact of a Minimum Income Scheme in the Basque Country
Sara de la Rica, Lucía Gorjón
published as 'Assessing the impact of a minimum income scheme: the Basque Country case' in: SERIEs, 2019, 10, 251 - 280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10711
Attrition in Randomized Control Trials: Using Tracking Information to Correct Bias
Teresa Molina Millán, Karen Macours
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10647
Poorly Measured Confounders Are More Useful on the Left Than on the Right
Zhuan Pei, Jörn-Steffen Pischke, Hannes Schwandt
published in: Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 2019, 37 (2), 205 - 216
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10209
The Analysis of Prison-Prisoner Data Using Cluster-Sample Econometrics: Prison Conditions and Prisoners' Assessments of the Future
Horst Entorf, Liliya Sattarova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10040
Do Parents Tax Their Children? Teenage Labour Supply and Financial Support
Angus J. Holford
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9938
Resampling and Bootstrap to Assess the Relevance of Variables: A New Algorithmic Approach with Applications to Entrepreneurship Data
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, Miguel Lafuente, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
published as 'Resampling and bootstrap algorithms to asses the relevance of variables: applications to cross-section entrepreneurship data' in: Empirical Economics, 2019, 56, 233-267
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9624
Making Disability Work? The Effects of Financial Incentives on Partially Disabled Workers
Pierre Koning, Jan-Maarten van Sonsbeek
published in: Labour Economics, 2017, 47, 202-215
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9491
New Evidence on Linear Regression and Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
Tymon Sloczynski
superseded by IZA Discussion Paper No. 11866
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9298
The Effectiveness of Fiscal Stimuli for Working Parents
Henk-Wim de Boer, Egbert L. W. Jongen, Jan Kabátek
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 76, 102152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9264
A Note on Possible Estimation Bias When Studying Persons with Work Disability in Active Labour Market Programs
Christer Gerdes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8649
Dual Labour Markets and (Lack of) On-the-Job Training: PIAAC Evidence from Spain and Other EU Countries
Antonio Cabrales, Juan J. Dolado, Ricardo Mora
published in SERIEs Journal of the Spanish Economic Association (2017), 8, 345-371.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8281
Structural Labor Supply Models and Wage Exogeneity
Max Löffler, Andreas Peichl, Sebastian Siegloch
revised version available as IZA Discussion Paper No. 11425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8049
Matching Methods in Practice: Three Examples
Guido W. Imbens
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2015, 50 (2), 373 - 419
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7874
Mostly Harmless Simulations? On the Internal Validity of Empirical Monte Carlo Studies
Arun Advani, Tymon Sloczynski
superseded by IZA Discussion Paper No. 11862
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7698
Steady-State Labor Supply Elasticities: A Survey
Olivier B. Bargain, Andreas Peichl
published as 'Own-wage labor supply elasticities: variation across time and estimation methods' in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2016, 5, 10 (2016)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7583
Regression Analysis of Country Effects Using Multilevel Data: A Cautionary Tale
Mark L. Bryan, Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: European Sociological Review, 2016, 32 (1), 3–22
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7508
Putting Structure on the RD Design: Social Transfers and Youth Inactivity in France
Olivier B. Bargain, Karina Doorley
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2017, 52 (4), 1032-1059.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6735
Comparing Labor Supply Elasticities in Europe and the US: New Results
Olivier B. Bargain, Kristian Orsini, Andreas Peichl
revised version published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2014, 49 (3), 723-838
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6692
Testing for Nonparametric Identification of Causal Effects in the Presence of a Quasi-Instrument
Xavier de Luna, Per Johansson
published as 'Testing for the Unconfoundedness Assumption Using an Instrumental Assumption' in: Journal of Causal Inference, 2014, 2, 187-199
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6502
The Productivity Advantages of Large Cities: Distinguishing Agglomeration from Firm Selection
Pierre-Philippe Combes, Gilles Duranton, Laurent Gobillon, Diego Puga, Sébastien Roux
published in: Econometrica, 2012, 80 (6), 2543-2594
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6364
Misspecification Testing in a Class of Conditional Distributional Models
Christoph Rothe, Dominik Wied
published in: Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2013, 108 (501), 314-324
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5821
A Flexible Test for Present Bias and Time Preferences Using Land-Lease Contracts
Pieter A. Gautier, Aico van Vuuren
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5820
Labor Supply Elasticities in Europe and the US
Olivier B. Bargain, Kristian Orsini, Andreas Peichl
revised version available as IZA Discussion Paper No. 6735; published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2014, 49(3), 723-838
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5737
Economies of Scale in the Tunisian Industries
Almas Heshmati, Ilham Haouas
published in: International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2013, 5(1), 48-64.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5434
Turning 18: What a Difference Application of Adult Criminal Law Makes
Horst Entorf
published as 'Expected Recidivism among Young Offenders: Comparing Specific Deterrence under Juvenile and Adult Criminal Law' in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2012, 28 (4), 414-429
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5376
Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances on Output Growth: Evidence from Turkey
Aysit Tansel, Pınar Yaşar
published in: Migration Letters, 2010, 7 (2), 132-143
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5287
The Choice Between Fixed and Random Effects Models: Some Considerations for Educational Research
Paul Clarke, Claire Crawford, Fiona Steele, Anna Vignoles
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5140
The Elephant in the Corner: A Cautionary Tale about Measurement Error in Treatment Effects Models
Daniel L. Millimet
published in: Advances in Econometrics: Missing-Data Methods, 2011, 27 A, 1-39
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4644
In-Work Transfers in Good Times and Bad: Simulations for Ireland
Olivier B. Bargain, Karina Doorley
published in: Solomon W. Polachek, Konstantinos Tatsiramos (eds.), 2011, Research in Labor Economics (Research in Labor Economics, Volume 33), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 307-339
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4304
A Note on Adapting Propensity Score Matching and Selection Models to Choice Based Samples
James J. Heckman, Petra E. Todd
published in: Econometric Journal, 2009, 12 (Supplement), S230-S234
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3998
New Evidence on the Finite Sample Properties of Propensity Score Matching and Reweighting Estimators
Matias Busso, John DiNardo, Justin McCrary
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2014, 96 (5), 885-897
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3832
Do Temporary Contracts Affect TFP? Evidence from Spanish Manufacturing Firms
Juan J. Dolado, Rodolfo Stucchi
published in: SERIEs Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, 2016, 7, 421-459.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3800
Alternative Approaches to Evaluation in Empirical Microeconomics
Richard Blundell, Monica Costa Dias
published in: Journal of Human Resources, 2009, 44 (3), 565-640
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3739
Testing Mundell's Intuition of Endogenous OCA Theory
Thierry Warin, Phanindra V. Wunnava, Hubert P. Janicki
published in: Review of International Economics, 2009, 17 (1), 74-89
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3640
Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation
Guido W. Imbens, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2009, 47(1), 1-81
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3632
Minimizing Bias in Selection on Observables Estimators When Unconfoundness Fails
Daniel L. Millimet, Rusty Tchernis
published as 'Estimation of Treatment Effects Without an Exclusion Restriction: with an Application to the Analysis of the School Breakfast Program' in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2013, 28 (6), 982-1017
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3589
Estimating the Causal Effect of Gun Prevalence on Homicide Rates: A Local Average Treatment Effect Approach
Tomislav Kovandzic, Mark E Schaffer, Gary Kleck
revised version published in: Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2013, 29(4), 477-541
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2906
Modelling Volatilities and Conditional Correlations in Futures Markets with a Multivariate t Distribution
Bahram Pesaran, M. Hashem Pesaran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2712
A Note on Allen-Uzawa Partial Elasticities of Substitution: The Case of the Translog Cost Function
Atanas Christev, Allen Featherstone
revised version published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2009, 16 (11), 1165 - 1169
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2653
Resources and Standards in Urban Schools
Stephen Machin, Sandra McNally, Costas Meghir
published in: Journal of Human Capital, 2010, 4 (4), 365-393
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2347
Moving the Goalposts: Addressing Limited Overlap in Estimation of Average Treatment Effects by Changing the Estimand
Richard K. Crump, V. Joseph Hotz, Guido W. Imbens, Oscar A. Mitnik
shorter version published as "Dealing with Limited Overlap in Estimation of Average Treatment Effects" in: Biometrika, 2009, 96 (1), 187-199
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2196
Testing Dependence among Serially Correlated Multi-Category Variables
M. Hashem Pesaran, Allan Timmermann
published in: Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2009, 104 (485), 325-337
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2091
Nonparametric Tests for Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
Richard K. Crump, V. Joseph Hotz, Guido W. Imbens, Oscar A. Mitnik
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 90 (3), 389-405
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2033
'Making Work Pay' in a Rationed Labour Market
Olivier B. Bargain, Marco Caliendo, Peter Haan, Kristian Orsini
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2010, 21 (1), 323-351
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2031
Variance Estimation in a Random Coefficients Model
Ekkehart Schlicht, Johannes Ludsteck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2025
Beans for Breakfast? How Exportable Is the British Workfare Model?
Olivier B. Bargain, Kristian Orsini
revised version published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2006, 25, 165-198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1997
Tenure Profiles and Efficient Separation in a Stochastic Productivity Model
Ioan-Sebastian Buhai, Coen Teulings
published in: Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 2014, 32 (2), 245-258
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1986
Evaluating Alternative Representations of the Choice Sets in Models of Labour Supply
Rolf Aaberge, Ugo Colombino, Tom Wennemo
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2009, 23 (3), 586-612
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1873
Sensitivity of Propensity Score Methods to the Specifications
Zhong Zhao
revised version published in: Economics Letters , 2008, 98 (3), 309-319
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1480
Cooperative Models in Action: Simulation of a Nash-Bargaining Model of Household Labor Supply with Taxation
Olivier B. Bargain, Nicolas Moreau
published as 'The Impact of Tax-Benefit Reforms on Labor Supply in a Simulated Nash-bargaining Framework' in: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 2013, 34(1), 77-86
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1455
On Modeling Household Labor Supply with Taxation
Olivier B. Bargain
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1445
In-Work Policies in Europe: Killing Two Birds with One Stone?
Olivier B. Bargain, Kristian Orsini
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2006, 13 (6), 667-693
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1168
Unemployment in the OECD: Models and Mysteries
Pramod N. (Raja) Junankar, Jakob B. Madsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1108
Real Time Econometrics
M. Hashem Pesaran, Allan Timmermann
published in: Econometric Theory, 2005, 21 (1), 212-231
IZA Discussion Paper No. 778
Employer Learning and Schooling-Related Statistical Discrimination in Britain
Fernando Galindo-Rueda
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