%0 Report
        %A Paola, Maria De
%A Ponzo, Michela
%A Scoppa, Vincenzo
        %T Are Men Given Priority for Top Jobs? Investigating the Glass Ceiling in the Italian Academia
        %D 2016
        %8 2016 Jan
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 9658
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp9658
        %X We aim to investigate if men receive preferential treatment in promotions using the Italian system for the access to associate and full professor positions that is organized in two stages: first, candidates participate in a national wide competition to obtain the National Scientific Qualification (NSQ), then successful candidates compete to obtain a position in University Departments opening a vacancy. We investigate the probability of success in the two stages in relation to the candidate's gender, controlling for several measures of productivity and a number of individual, field and university characteristics. Whereas no gender differences emerge in the probability of obtaining the NSQ, females have a lower probability of promotion at the Department level. Gender gaps tend to be larger when the number of available positions shrink, consistent with a sort of social norm establishing that men are given priority over women when the number of positions is limited.
        %K gender discrimination
%K glass ceiling
%K academic promotions
%K natural experiment