TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Lichter, Andreas
AU  - Pestel, Nico
AU  - Sommer, Eric
        TI  - Productivity Effects of Air Pollution: Evidence from Professional Soccer
        PY  - 2015/Apr/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 8964
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp8964
        AB  - In this paper, we estimate the causal effect of ambient air pollution on individuals' productivity by using panel data on the universe of professional soccer players in Germany over the period 1999-2011. Combining this data with hourly information on the concentration of particulate matter in spatial proximity to each stadium at the time of kickoff, we exploit exogenous variation in the players' exposure to air pollution due to match scheduling rules that are beyond the control of teams and players. Our analysis shows negative and non-linear effects of air pollution on short-run productivity. We further find that the effect increases with age and is stronger in case players face an additional physical burden.
        KW  - soccer
KW  - productivity
KW  - air pollution
KW  - sports data
KW  - Germany
        ER  -