TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Nieto, Sandra
AU  - Ramos, Raul
        TI  - Decomposition of Differences in PISA Results in Middle Income Countries
        PY  - 2014/Mar/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 8028
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp8028
        AB  - Our objective is to analyse the role of teacher and school quality to explain differences in students' educational outcomes. With this aim, we use PISA microdata for 10 middle income and 2 high income countries and we apply decomposition methods in order to identify the role of these factors for different groups of students. Our results show that school and teacher quality and better practices matter even in different institutional settings. From a policy perspective, this evidence supports actions addressed at improving both factors in order to reduce cross-country differences but also between students at the top and bottom distribution in terms of socio-economic characteristics.
        KW  - middle‐income countries
KW  - educational outcomes
KW  - teacher and school quality
KW  - PISA
KW  - decomposition methods
        ER  -