@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp7870,
            	author={Fang, Tony and Ge, Ying},
            	title={Chinese Unions and Enterprises Performance},
            	year={2013},
	month={Dec},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={7870},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp7870},
	abstract={This paper uses the national firm level survey data to investigate the effects of Chinese unions on firm performance. We show that Chinese unions have a strong "State-Party voice" face and a "collective voice" face but lack of "monopoly" face. The government influence plays an important role in unionization. The empirical findings on the effectiveness of unions are remarkable: unions in the workplace significantly improve productivity but reduce enterprise profitability. Moreover, the presence of unions in same region and industry generates negative spillovers on enterprise performance.},
	keywords={unions;laws;productivity;profitability;China},
            }