TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bellmann, Lutz
AU  - Crimmann, Andreas
AU  - Evers, Katalin
AU  - Hujer, Reinhard
        TI  - Regional Determinants of Establishments' Innovation Activities: A Multi-Level Approach
        PY  - 2013/Aug/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 7572
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp7572
        AB  - This paper analyses the determinants of different innovation types. Beside a wide range of firm characteristics also the effects of regional factors are estimated using three-level random effect logit models which account for the clustered and longitudinal structure of the data. The analyses contain three regional variables: the unemployment rate, the assessment of the region with reference to proximity to research and technology centres and universities and the rate of graduates in mathematics, informatics, natural sciences and technological sciences (MINT-graduates). The empirical basis is the IAB-Establishment Panel Survey 2006 to 2010. Process and radical innovations are significant affected by the unemployment rate and the share of MINT-graduates. The unemployment rate has also for some of the innovation combos a significant effect. The proportion of MINT-graduates is relevant for the probability of all 4 innovation types simultaneously.
        KW  - determinants of innovation
KW  - regional effects
KW  - multilevel modelling
        ER  -