TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Feld, Jan
AU  - Salamanca, Nicolás
AU  - Hamermesh, Daniel S.
        TI  - Endophilia or Exophobia: Beyond Discrimination
        PY  - 2013/May/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 7380
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp7380
        AB  - The immense literature on discrimination treats outcomes as relative: One group suffers compared to another. But does a difference arise because agents discriminate against others – are exophobic – or because they favor their own kind – are endophilic? This difference matters, as the relative importance of the types of discrimination and their inter-relation affect market outcomes.
Using a field experiment in which graders at one university were randomly assigned students' exams that did or did not contain the students' names, on average we find favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders' preferences. We show that a changing correlation between endophilia and exophobia can generate perverse predictions for observed market discrimination.
        KW  - economics of education
KW  - favoritism
KW  - discrimination
KW  - field experiment
KW  - wage differentials
        ER  -