TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Gralla, Rafael
AU  - Kraft, Kornelius
        TI  - Separating Introduction Effects from Selectivity Effects: The Differences in Employment Patterns of Co-Determined Firms
        PY  - 2012/Nov/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 7022
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp7022
        AB  - This study examines differences in employment growth between firms with and without works councils by separating introduction effects from potential selectivity effects. Using a difference in differences framework, we show that firms with works councils have higher employment growth before establishing a works council. However, employment growth declines after introduction. We identify the reason for lower employment growth in reduced hiring rates but constant dismissal rates.
        KW  - employment growth
KW  - dismissals
KW  - hires
KW  - works councils
KW  - difference-in-differences
        ER  -