@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp7022,
            	author={Gralla, Rafael and Kraft, Kornelius},
            	title={Separating Introduction Effects from Selectivity Effects: The Differences in Employment Patterns of Co-Determined Firms},
            	year={2012},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={7022},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp7022},
	abstract={This study examines differences in employment growth between firms with and without works councils by separating introduction effects from potential selectivity effects. Using a difference in differences framework, we show that firms with works councils have higher employment growth before establishing a works council. However, employment growth declines after introduction. We identify the reason for lower employment growth in reduced hiring rates but constant dismissal rates.},
	keywords={employment growth;dismissals;hires;works councils;difference-in-differences},
            }