@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp6629,
            	author={Bertoni, Marco and Brunello, Giorgio and Rocco, Lorenzo},
            	title={When the Cat Is Near, the Mice Won't Play: The Effect of External Examiners in Italian Schools},
            	year={2012},
	month={Jun},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={6629},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp6629},
	abstract={We use a natural experiment to show that the presence of an external examiner in standardized school tests reduces the proportion of correct answers in monitored classes by 5.5 to 8.5% – depending on the grade and the test – with respect to classes in schools with no external monitor. We find that the effect of external monitoring in a class spills over to other classes in the same school. We argue that the negative effect of external supervision is due to reduced cheating (by students and/or teachers) rather than to distraction from having a stranger in the class.},
	keywords={education;external monitoring;testing},
            }