TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Heckman, James J.
AU  - Kautz, Tim
        TI  - Hard Evidence on Soft Skills
        PY  - 2012/May/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 6580
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp6580
        AB  - This paper summarizes recent evidence on what achievement tests measure; how achievement tests relate to other measures of "cognitive ability" like IQ and grades; the important skills that achievement tests miss or mismeasure, and how much these skills matter in life. Achievement tests miss, or perhaps more accurately, do not adequately capture, soft skills – personality traits, goals, motivations, and preferences that are valued in the labor market, in school, and in many other domains. The larger message of this paper is that soft skills predict success in life, that they causally produce that success, and that programs that enhance soft skills have an important place in an effective portfolio of public policies.
        KW  - IQ
KW  - achievement tests
KW  - personality
KW  - cognition
        ER  -