TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Centeno, Mario
AU  - Novo, Alvaro A.
        TI  - Excess Worker Turnover and Fixed-Term Contracts: Causal Evidence in a Two-Tier System
        PY  - 2011/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 6239
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp6239
        AB  - Portuguese firms engage in intense reallocation, most employers simultaneously hire and separate from workers, resulting in high excess worker turnover flows. These flows are constrained by the employment protection gap between open-ended and fixed-term contracts. We explore a reform that increased the employment protection of open-ended contracts and generated a quasi-experiment. The causal evidence points to an increase in the share and in the excess turnover of fixed-term contracts in treated firms. The excess turnover of open-ended contracts remained unchanged. This result is consistent with a high degree of substitution between open-ended and fixed-term contracts. At the firm level, we also show that excess turnover is quite heterogeneous and quantify its association with firm, match, and worker characteristics.
        KW  - excess worker turnover
KW  - two-tier systems
KW  - quasi-experiment
KW  - fixed-term contracts
        ER  -