TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Carneiro, Pedro
AU  - Lokshin, Michael
AU  - Ridao-Cano, Cristobal
AU  - Umapathi, Nithin
        TI  - Average and Marginal Returns to Upper Secondary Schooling in Indonesia
        PY  - 2011/Nov/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 6162
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp6162
        AB  - This paper estimates average and marginal returns to schooling in Indonesia using a non-parametric selection model. Identification of the model is given by exogenous geographic variation in access to upper secondary schools. We find that the return to upper secondary schooling varies widely across individuals: it can be as high as 50 percent per year of schooling for those very likely to enroll in upper secondary schooling, or as low as -10 percent for those very unlikely to do so. Average returns for the student at the margin are well below those for the average student attending upper secondary schooling.
        KW  - average return
KW  - marginal return
KW  - returns to schooling
KW  - marginal treatment effect
        ER  -