@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp5081,
            	author={Ikenaga, Toshie and Kawaguchi, Daiji},
            	title={Labor-Market Attachment and Training Participation},
            	year={2010},
	month={Jul},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={5081},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp5081},
	abstract={This paper examines how expected attachment to the labor market and expected tenure at a specific firm affect training participation. The results, based on cross-sectional data from Japan, indicate that expected attachment to the labor market affects participation in both employer- and worker-initiated training, while expected tenure at a specific firm mainly explains participation in employer-initiated training. These two attachment indices explain almost half of the gender gap in training participation. Employers in a less competitive labor market are more likely to offer employer-initiated training to their workers.},
	keywords={Japan;job tenure;labor market attachment;training;gender},
            }