TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Immervoll, Herwig
        TI  - Minimum-Income Benefits in OECD Countries: Policy Design, Effectiveness and Challenges
        PY  - 2009/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 4627
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp4627
        AB  - Almost all OECD countries operate comprehensive minimum-income programmes for working-age individuals, either as last-resort safety nets alongside primary income replacement benefits, or as the principal instrument for delivering social protection. Such safety-net benefits aim primarily at providing an acceptable standard of living for families unable to earn sufficient incomes from other sources. This paper provides an overview of social assistance and other minimum-income programmes in OECD countries, summarises their main features, and highlights a number of current policy challenges.
        KW  - welfare to work
KW  - negative income tax
KW  - social assistance
KW  - poverty
        ER  -