TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Battu, Harminder
AU  - Zenou, Yves
        TI  - Oppositional Identities and Employment for Ethnic Minorities: Evidence from England
        PY  - 2009/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 4517
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp4517
        AB  - Where a community or group is socially excluded from a dominant group, some individuals of that group may identify with the dominant culture and others may reject that culture. The aim of this paper is to investigate this issue by empirically analyzing the potential trade-off for ethnic minorities between sticking to their own roots and labour market success. We find that the social environment of individuals and attachments to culture of origin has a strong association with identity choice. Our results also suggest that those non-whites who have preferences that accord with being "oppositional" do experience an employment penalty.
        KW  - social networks
KW  - identity
KW  - white’s norm
KW  - ethnic minorities
        ER  -