%0 Report
        %A Chau, Nancy H.
%A Goto, Hideaki
%A Kanbur, Ravi
        %T Middlemen, Non-Profits, and Poverty
        %D 2009
        %8 2009 Sep
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 4406
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp4406
        %X In many markets in developing countries, especially in remote areas, middlemen are thought to earn excessive profits. Non-profits come in to counter what is seen as middlemen's market power, and rich country consumers pay a "fair-trade" premium for products marketed by such non-profits. This paper provides answers to the following five questions. How exactly do middlemen and non-profits divide up the market? How do the price mark up and price pass-through differ between middleman and non-profits? What is the impact of non-profits entry on the wellbeing of the poor? Should the government subsidize the entry of non-profits, or the entry of middlemen? Should wealthy consumers in the North pay a premium for fair trade products, or should they support fair trade non-profits directly?
        %K middlemen
%K non-profits
%K poverty
%K market access