TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Callan, Tim
AU  - Keane, Claire
        TI  - Non-Cash Benefits and the Distribution of Economic Welfare
        PY  - 2009/Jan/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 3954
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp3954
        AB  - Non-cash benefits can have substantial effects on the distribution of economic welfare. Standard approaches to the inclusion of non-cash benefits in broader measures of resources have failed to take adequate account of the pattern of needs associated with the greater use of health and education services. Our results, for Ireland in the year 2000, show that it is possible to derive more appropriate measures of total resources than have been derived using standard methods. The results indicate that the greatest impact comes from the inclusion of imputed rent for owner occupation as part of the resource measure. When this is done, the rate of "resource poverty" for older people is substantially reduced, in line with results which use indicators of standard of living as well as cash incomes ("consistent poverty").
        KW  - income distribution
KW  - non-cash benefits
        ER  -