%0 Report
        %A Molina, José Alberto
%A Montuenga, Víctor M.
        %T The Motherhood Wage Penalty in a Mediterranean Country: The Case of Spain
        %D 2008
        %8 2008 Jun
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 3574
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp3574
        %X We present evidence for the motherhood wage penalty in Spain as a representative Southern European Mediterranean country. We use the European Community Household Panel (ECHP, 1994-2001) to estimate, from both pool and fixed-effects methods, a wage equation in terms of observed variables and other non-observed individual characteristics. The empirical results confirm that there is clear evidence of a wage penalty for Spanish working women with children. Specifically, the fact that there is a birth in the family during the current year means that the woman loses 9% of her wage. We also find that having one child living in the household means a significant loss in wages of 6%, having two children, almost 14%, and having three or more, more than 15%.
        %K fixed-effects estimation
%K motherhood wage penalty
%K Spain