TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Gorodnichenko, Yuriy
AU  - Martinez-Vazquez, Jorge
AU  - Peter, Klara Sabirianova
        TI  - Myth and Reality of Flat Tax Reform: Micro Estimates of Tax Evasion Response and Welfare Effects in Russia
        PY  - 2007/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 3267
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp3267
        AB  - Using micro-level data, we examine the effects of Russia’s 2001 flat rate income tax reform on consumption, income, and tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported earnings as a proxy for tax evasion with data from a household panel for 1998-2004. Utilizing difference-in-difference and regression-discontinuity-type approaches, we find that large and significant changes in tax evasion following the flat tax reform are associated with changes in voluntary compliance and cannot be explained by changes in tax enforcement policies. We also find the productivity response of taxpayers to the flat tax reform is small relative to the tax evasion response. Finally, we develop a feasible framework to assess the deadweight loss from personal income tax in the presence of tax evasion based on the consumption response to tax changes. We show that because of the strong tax evasion response the efficiency gain from the Russian flat tax reform is at least 30% smaller than the gain implied by conventional approaches.
        KW  - Russia
KW  - deadweight loss
KW  - tax evasion
KW  - consumption-income gap
KW  - flat tax
KW  - personal income tax
KW  - difference-indifference
KW  - transition
KW  - regression discontinuity
        ER  -